To State 5, Weedy Forest with Alien Understory, via “J”:
J = loss of native plant regeneration.
The large, mature native ohia and koa trees that form the overstory of Native Forest with Alien Understory are unable to successfully regenerate due to the very dense, shady weed understory. Eventually the large native trees die and are replaced by more competitive large alien tree species.
Composite representation of State 4, Plant Community 6, Native Forest with Alien Understory.
Scientific name
|
%Canopy cover by height class (ft)
|
Total Cover
|
Local
common name
|
NRCS
common name
|
Origin
|
Type
|
NRCS
Code
|
0.1 -
2
|
2.1 -
4.5
|
4.6 -
13
|
13.1 -
40
|
40.1 -
80
|
80.1 -
120
|
Metrosideros polymorpha
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
10
|
20
|
'ohi'a lehua
|
'ohi'a lehua
|
n
|
t
|
MEPO5
|
Acacia koa
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
10
|
20
|
koa
|
koa
|
n
|
t
|
ACKO
|
Psychotria sp.
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
kopiko
|
wild coffee
|
n
|
t
|
PSYCH
|
Grevillea robusta
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
tr
|
silver oak
|
silkoak
|
a
|
t
|
GRRO
|
Schinus terebinthifolius
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
christmasberry
|
Brazilian peppertree
|
a
|
t
|
SCTE
|
Cibotium glaucum
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
hapu`u
|
hapu`u
|
n
|
tf
|
CIGL
|
Psidium cattleianum
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
20
|
|
|
40
|
waiawi
|
strawberry guava
|
a
|
t
|
PSCA
|
Psidium guajava
|
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
common guava
|
guava
|
a
|
t
|
PSGU
|
Schefflera actinophylla
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
octopus tree
|
octopus tree
|
a
|
t
|
SCAC2
|
Cestrum nocturnum
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
night blooming jasmine
|
night jessamine
|
a
|
s
|
CENO
|
Clidemia hirta
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
|
|
|
10
|
Koster's curse
|
soapbush
|
a
|
s
|
CLHI3
|
Tibouchina urvilleana
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
5
|
|
|
20
|
glorybush
|
princess-flower
|
a
|
s
|
TIUR
|
Anemone hupehensis
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
Japanese anemone
|
Japanese thimbleweed
|
a
|
h
|
ANHU
|
Hedychium gardnerianum
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
kahili ginger
|
Kahila garland-lily
|
a
|
h
|
HEGA
|
Spathoglottis plicata
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Philippine ground orchid
|
Philippine ground orchid
|
a
|
h
|
SPPL
|
Freycenetia arborea
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
`ie`ie
|
`ie`ie
|
n
|
v
|
FRAR
|
Passiflora mollissima
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
banana poka
|
banana passionflower
|
a
|
v
|
PAMO5
|
Rubus ellipticus
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
yellow Himalayan raspberry
|
yellow Himalayan raspberry
|
a
|
v
|
RUEL3
|
Rubus rosifolius
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
thimbleberry
|
West Indian raspberry
|
a
|
v
|
RURO
|
Adiantum hispidulum
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
rough maidenhair fern
|
rough maidenhair
|
a
|
f
|
ADHI
|
Asplenium sp.
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
|
spleenwort
|
n
|
f
|
ASPLE
|
Thelypteris parasitica
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
christella
|
parasitic maiden fern
|
a
|
f
|
THPA4
|
Cyrtomium falcatum
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
holly fern
|
Japanese netvein hollyfern
|
a
|
f
|
CYFA2
|
Deparia petersenii
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Japanese false spleenwort
|
a
|
f
|
DEPE3
|
Nephrolepis multiflora
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
scaly swordfern
|
scaly swordfern
|
a
|
f
|
NEHI
|
Phlebodium aureum
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
laua`e haole
|
golden polypody
|
a
|
f
|
PHAU6
|
Urochloa maxima
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
guineagrass
|
guineagrass
|
a
|
g
|
URMA3
|
Microlaena stipoides
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
meadow ricegrass
|
weeping grass
|
a
|
g
|
MIST
|
Oplismenus hirtellus
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
basketgrass
|
bristle basketgrass
|
a
|
g
|
OPHI
|
Paspalum conjugatum
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
hilograss
|
hilograss
|
a
|
g
|
PACO14
|
Grasslike
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Forbs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Forbs
|
1
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Vines/Epiphytes
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Vines
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Small ferns
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Shrubs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Shrubs
|
1
|
10
|
20
|
5
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Trees
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
20
|
20
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tree ferns (native)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Trees & tree ferns
|
1
|
10
|
20
|
50
|
1
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lichen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Composite representation of State 4, Plant Community 6, Native Forest with Alien Understory.
Scientific name
|
%Canopy cover by height class (ft)
|
Total Cover
|
Local
common name
|
NRCS
common name
|
Origin
|
Type
|
NRCS
Code
|
0.1 -
2
|
2.1 -
4.5
|
4.6 -
13
|
13.1 -
40
|
40.1 -
80
|
80.1 -
120
|
Moss (on ground & logs)
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moss (on trees)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logs on ground (>4" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Litter (not logs)
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surface rocks (>3" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surface rocks (<3" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bare Soil
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
Understory species canopy cover under a range of overstory canopy covers in Native Forest with Alien Understory.
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
Understory Species Canopy Cover as a function of Overstory Canopy Cover
|
Overstory Canopy Cover Percent
|
30
|
60
|
90
|
strawberry guava
|
Psidium cattleianum
|
90
|
90
|
90
|
common guava
|
Psidium guajava
|
50
|
40
|
5
|
night blooming jasmine
|
Cestrum nocturnum
|
90
|
90
|
90
|
christmasberry
|
Schinus terebinthifolius
|
90
|
60
|
5
|
guineagrass
|
Urochloa maxima
|
80
|
50
|
10
|
meadow ricegrass
|
Microlaena stipoides
|
20
|
30
|
70
|
S tate 4, Plant Community 6, Native Forest with Alien Understory.
State 5 – Weedy Alien Forest
Plant Community 7
This state is comprised of one plant community dominated by alien species in both the overstory and understory. Silk oak, christmasberry, common guava, strawberry guava, and albizia may dominate a given site. Understories vegetation beneath all these species except albizia is very sparse to nonexistent.
Pathways from this state/plant community
To State 2 – Pastures, via “A&B&C”:
A = mechanical land clearing; B = pasture establishment; C = weed control.
Pasture may be created from Weedy Forest with Alien Understory by mechanical clearing of overstory and understory vegetation. Introduced pasture grasses may then be seeded or sprigged into the site. Herbicide applications will be necessary before and during pasture establishment to control reemerging weed species.
Composite representation of State 5, Plant Community 7, Weedy Alien Forest.
Scientific name
|
%Canopy cover by height class (ft)
|
Total Cover
|
Local
common name
|
NRCS
common name
|
Origin
|
Type
|
NRCS
Code
|
0.1 -
2
|
2.1 -
4.5
|
4.6 -
13
|
13.1 -
40
|
40.1 -
80
|
80.1 -
120
|
Metrosideros polymorpha
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
'ohi'a lehua
|
'ohi'a lehua
|
n
|
t
|
MEPO5
|
Acacia koa
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
koa
|
koa
|
n
|
t
|
ACKO
|
Psychotria sp.
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
|
1
|
kopiko
|
wild coffee
|
n
|
t
|
PSYCH
|
Falcataria moluccana
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
tr
|
albizia
|
peacocksplume
|
a
|
t
|
FAMO
|
Grevillea robusta
|
tr
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
1
|
silver oak
|
silkoak
|
a
|
t
|
GRRO
|
Bocconia frutescens
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
tr
|
|
|
tr
|
bocconia
|
parrotweed
|
a
|
t
|
BOFR2
|
Schinus terebinthifolius
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
christmasberry
|
Brazilian peppertree
|
a
|
t
|
SCTE
|
Cibotium glaucum
|
|
|
tr
|
|
|
|
tr
|
hapu`u
|
hapu`u
|
n
|
tf
|
CIGL
|
Psidium cattleianum
|
1
|
5
|
20
|
20
|
|
|
40
|
waiawi
|
strawberry guava
|
a
|
t
|
PSCA
|
Psidium guajava
|
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
|
|
tr
|
common guava
|
guava
|
a
|
t
|
PSGU
|
Schefflera actinophylla
|
tr
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
octopus tree
|
octopus tree
|
a
|
t
|
SCAC2
|
Cestrum nocturnum
|
tr
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
night blooming jasmine
|
night jessamine
|
a
|
s
|
CENO
|
Clidemia hirta
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
|
|
|
10
|
Koster's curse
|
soapbush
|
a
|
s
|
CLHI3
|
Tibouchina urvilleana
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
5
|
|
|
20
|
glorybush
|
princess-flower
|
a
|
s
|
TIUR
|
Anemone hupehensis
|
tr
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
tr
|
Japanese anemone
|
Japanese thimbleweed
|
a
|
h
|
ANHU
|
Hedychium gardnerianum
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
kahili ginger
|
Kahila garland-lily
|
a
|
h
|
HEGA
|
Spathoglottis plicata
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Philippine ground orchid
|
Philippine ground orchid
|
a
|
h
|
SPPL
|
Passiflora mollissima
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
banana poka
|
banana passionflower
|
a
|
v
|
PAMO5
|
Caesalpinia decapetala
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
cat's claw
|
shoofly
|
a
|
v
|
CADE15
|
Rubus ellipticus
|
5
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
yellow Himalayan raspberry
|
yellow Himalayan raspberry
|
a
|
v
|
RUEL3
|
Rubus rosifolius
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
thimbleberry
|
West Indian raspberry
|
a
|
v
|
RURO
|
Adiantum hispidulum
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
rough maidenhair fern
|
rough maidenhair
|
a
|
f
|
ADHI
|
Thelypteris parasitica
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
christella
|
parasitic maiden fern
|
a
|
f
|
THPA4
|
Cyrtomium falcatum
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
holly fern
|
Japanese netvein hollyfern
|
a
|
f
|
CYFA2
|
Deparia petersenii
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Japanese false spleenwort
|
a
|
f
|
DEPE3
|
Nephrolepis multiflora
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
scaly swordfern
|
scaly swordfern
|
a
|
f
|
NEHI
|
Phlebodium aureum
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
laua`e haole
|
golden polypody
|
a
|
f
|
PHAU6
|
Microlaena stipoides
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
meadow ricegrass
|
weeping grass
|
a
|
g
|
MIST
|
Oplismenus hirtellus
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
basketgrass
|
bristle basketgrass
|
a
|
g
|
OPHI
|
Paspalum conjugatum
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
hilograss
|
hilograss
|
a
|
g
|
PACO14
|
Grasslike
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Forbs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Forbs
|
1
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Composite representation of State 5, Plant Community 7, Weedy Alien Forest.
Scientific name
|
%Canopy cover by height class (ft)
|
Total Cover
|
Local
common name
|
NRCS
common name
|
Origin
|
Type
|
NRCS
Code
|
0.1 -
2
|
2.1 -
4.5
|
4.6 -
13
|
13.1 -
40
|
40.1 -
80
|
80.1 -
120
|
Native Vines/Epiphytes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Vines
|
5
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Small ferns
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Shrubs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Shrubs
|
1
|
10
|
20
|
5
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
Native Trees
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tree ferns (native)
|
|
|
tr
|
|
|
|
tr
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exotic Trees & tree ferns
|
1
|
10
|
20
|
20
|
1
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lichen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moss (on ground & logs)
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Moss (on trees)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Logs on ground (>4" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Litter (not logs)
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surface rocks (>3" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Surface rocks (<3" dia.)
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bare Soil
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
State 5, Plant Community 7, Weedy Alien Forest.
|
Yüklə 2.33 Mb.