Description of institutions involved in housing policy implementation in the country at national, regional and local levels, organization charts
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Projects implemented in the Earthquake zone -
The list of all reconstruction/rehabilitation projects funded by the Jinishian Memorial Foundation-Armenia.
The IFC, the subdivision of the World Bank which deals directly with the private sector, has at present no specific programs in the housing sector. According to their focal point in Armenia (Mr. Nerses Karamanukyan) the IFC is able and is considering to work with reputable Local Banks, to offer and provide them with sufficient financial resources for Mortgage Backed Housing Finance projects. The IFC is very interested in the issues related to the Housing Sector in Armenia.
NRC has been active in Armenia since 1995. The main activity at present is to build houses for refugees in the poorest of living conditions, particularly those living in containers. List of NRC-projects
In 1993/4 the World Bank’s Earthquake Reconstruction Project was the first significant donor activity in the Armenia’s EQZ in the post-Soviet era. The SDR 20.1 million project resulted in the completion, rehabilitation or reinforcement of 2,864 housing units.
Overview of the UNHCR shelter programme in Armenia for refugees / naturalised refugees from Azerbaijan Since UNHCR established a presence in Armenia, it has provided support to the Government of Armenia to address the housing needs of the refugees from Azerbaijan. As such and since 1994, UNHCR has implemented a shelter programme to provide adequate permanent housing to the refugees who fled from Azerbaijan between 1988 to 1992. Upon their arrival, the refugees were settled in former resort houses, hotels, schools, kindergarten and dormitories (communal centres) in urban areas or in houses formerly possessed by departing Azeri residents in rural areas. The UNHCR shelter programme currently targets primarily the most needy refugees found to live in communal centres. UNHCR's shelter activities support the Government of Armenia' strategy to promote and facilitate the local integration of refugees from Azerbaijan in Armenia. As of today, more than 3,141 units of permanent housing have been constructed or fully repaired by UNHCR in 53 different sites. Several of these shelter projects have been co-funded with other international organisations, including KFW, NRC and the Jinishian Memorial Fund. Although many refugees living in communal centres have been assisted by UNHCR's shelter programme, according to Government sources 16 there are more than 8,000 refugee families who are still living in sub-standard temporary shelters and in need of adequate permanent housing. However, this information has not been verified and the number of families still in need is very likely much lower. Beneficiaries of the programme Through the shelter programme, UNHCR address the priority shelter needs of the most vulnerable refugee groups, in particular the needs of the refugees living in more than 250 temporary shelters such as hostels, student dormitories, former resorts and domics/container settlements all over the country. According to the protocol # 56 of the Governmental session in January 2000, there were 13,600 refugee households living in temporary accommodations out of which 67% in sub-standard communal centres while according to the same protocol 34% were still in need of housing but living with relatives, in rented or illegally occupied houses. Since 2000, 834 families have been assisted through UNHCR's shelter programme which together with shelter provided by NRC leaves several thousand households living in communal centres in need of shelter by the end of 2002. However, according to UNHCR, the number of refugee families still living in communal centres is likely to be far less than previously indicated mainly due to emigration. The living conditions in communal centres are in sub-standard conditions lacking proper sanitation, water and heating systems. In addition, it is noticed that instead of improving with time, the general living conditions in communal centres have deteriorated further and become more appalling. Observations show also that for those refugees living in inadequate housing, there is a clear link between their willingness to locally integrate and the provision of adequate housing. The UNHCR shelter programme is implemented in close co-operation with the Government of Armenia including the Ministry of Territorial Administration17, the State Department for Migration and Refugees (DMR) as well as Governor offices (Marzpetaran) and Municipalities. The list of communal centres and beneficiaries targeted for the shelter programme are prioritised and identified in co-operation with the local authorities based on needs and vulnerability. The selected beneficiaries are persons recognised and registered as refugees from Azerbaijan or refugees who have acquired the citizenship of Armenia, living on a permanent basis in the communal centres prioritised under the programme and having no alternative housing. This includes many disabled and chronically ill refugees, isolated elderly, women headed households, as well as families with many children. In order to ensure the transparency of the eligibility process, the selection of beneficiaries meeting the selection criteria is approved by an established Housing Allocation Committee co-chaired by DMR and UNHCR and is comprised of representatives of UNHCR, DMR, a local NGO as well as co-funding organisations. The beneficiaries are identified and approved by the Housing Allocation Committee prior to the completion of the construction work. The apartments (1, 2 or 3-room apartments) are allocated based on the family size. It is also the responsibility of the Housing Allocation Committee to reallocate previously constructed vacant individual houses and apartments to beneficiaries meeting the criteria. In addition, it is planned that the selected beneficiaries become the full owners of the apartments or individual houses allocated to them after one year of continuous residence (previously, the set period was five years of continuous residence). The transfer of ownership to beneficiaries assisted with newly constructed houses since 1994 has not started yet due to the lack of a legislative framework. However a law, developed by DMR with the support of UNHCR, on the transfer of ownership of constructed housing was adopted in late 2002. It is expected that the implementation of the law will start in 2003. Subsequent to the transfer of ownership, it is planned that the establishment of condominiums in apartment buildings will be facilitated within the national strategy. In addition, on a case by case basis, UNHCR has allocated some apartments (up to 10% per site) to vulnerable local families living in communal centres in conditions similar to those of the refugees. However, as UNHCR funding is reduced this may no longer be possible. Shelter approach Until 1998, UNHCR built individual houses for refugees living in temporary shelter on lands allocated by the local authorities mainly communities. Since 1998, UNHCR shifted this strategy toward the completion of skeleton and unfinished multi-storey apartment buildings made available by the local authorities as well as the remodelling of communal centres into apartment buildings. So far, this approach has been considered the most cost effective and sustainable for the provision of adequate housing to needy refugees. On average, the cost of a reconstructed 1 to 3 room-apartment varies from US$ 3,300 to US$ 6,400 depending on the level of completion of the unfinished structures made available by the local authorities while the average size of a constructed apartment varies from 50 to 80 square meters. The apartments are constructed in accordance with UNHCR and national standards. The average cost per square meter constructed for living space is US$ 81 while the average cost of constructed square meter for general space is US$ 64. The average level of completion of buildings made available by the local authorities for the shelter project is 49%. In total, UNHCR has constructed 1,325 apartments through the remodelling/completion of unfinished buildings while, until 1998, UNHCR completed 1,816 individual houses. In addition, it should be mentioned that since 1999, UNHCR has also constructed apartments for refugees in the city of Yerevan. Prior to this, the policy of the Government was that no permanent shelter should be provided to refugees in Yerevan. Since then, 445 units in 6 apartment buildings have been constructed in Yerevan. The national NGO, YMCA Shelter, implements the UNHCR shelter programme. Unfinished buildings for completion are selected in residential areas, wherever feasible, not to isolate refugees from local inhabitants. The criteria for selection of unfinished buildings includes appropriateness of the geographical location, need and willingness of beneficiaries to inhabit an identified location, technical feasibility, degree of safety, cost effectiveness, contribution of the local municipalities and the participation of beneficiaries/communities. In a joint effort between UNHCR, DMR, Governor offices and Municipalities, the tentative shelter sites are identified. Subsequently, YMCA Shelter conducts a technical survey of each identified site. Based on the results, the sites are jointly selected by UNHCR and DMR. DMR is then responsible for obtaining all documents and permission required by the Government for allocating sites and buildings for rehabilitation/construction. Municipalities facilitate and provide the connections of infrastructures (sewage, water, and electricity) for the building sites with those for the general public. In addition in 2002, in co-operation with the USAID/Urban Institute, UNHCR is implementing a pilot project for the provision of Housing Purchase Certificates to refugees sheltered in domics in the earthquake zone in areas targeted for recovery by USAID. The agreement between UNHCR and USAID foresees that 15 refugee families will be targeted for the provision of Housing Purchase Certificates within the pilot project. Table 1 - Breakdown of the of UNHCR shelter programme per marz - number of units
(*): apartments constructed in completed unfinished building or remodelling of communal centres into apartment buildings. Table 2 - Breakdown of UNHCR shelter programme per year - number of shelter sites - number of units
Armenia’s construction sector18
This section provides a short overview on the main contacts in relation to the construction sector, including Business Associations, wholesale and retail distributors, and construction service providers. In accordance to BISNIS (2001) the economic sector experienced after 1995 a continual growth and the construction sector profited from this expansion, directly through the demand generated by individuals and local private construction companies. Business Associations: Association of Building Material Importers 65 Orbely Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 226-498 Fax: (374-1) 151-475 E-mail: areg@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Ruben Shakhmuradyan, President
27 Gyubenkyan Street Yerevan-33 Tel: (374-1) 277-745 Fax: (374-1) 277-762 Contact: Mr. Yuri Simonyan, Executive Director
Armang Limited Armenian-British JV 31-130 Moskovyan Street Yerevan-2 Tel: (374-1) 534-849 Fax: (374-1) 538-858 Contact: Mr. Armen Fljyan, Director
Comfort R&V 65 Orbely Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 226-498 Fax: (374-1) 151-475 E-mail: areg@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Ruben Shakhmuradyan, President Euroshinanyut 8 Bagratunyats Street Yerevan-39 Tel: (374-1) 421-596 Fax: (374-1) 426-654 OR 651-180 Contact: Mr. Yegishe Harutyunyan, Director
Gayane-92-2 10 Hanrapetutyan Street Yerevan-10 Tel: (374-1) 563-832 Fax: (374-1) 151-913 E-mail: head@gayane.infocom.amilink.net Contact: Mr. Robert Gabriyelyan, President
IMEX-M
7 Charentsi Street Yerevan-25 Tel: (374-1) 616-300 Fax: (374-1) 626-537 E-mail: imex_m@mbox.intarnet.com Contact: Mr. Vahe Hovhannisyan, Director
Persepolis 9 Garegin Nejdeyi Street Yerevan-6 Tel: (374-1) 441-441 Fax: (374-1) 544-422 E-mail: avg@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Armen Vardanyan, Director
SARD
35 Sayat Novayi Avenue Yerevan-25 Tel: (374-1) 556-000 Fax: (374-1) 553-691 Contact: Mr. Ara Bakhshetsyan, Director
SHEN-CONCERN JSC 2/2 Shiraki Street Yerevan-43 Tel/Fax: (374-1) 460-101 Tel/Fax: (374-1) 460-101 E-mail: shen-concern@netsys.am Contact: Mr. Samvel Beglaryan, President Distributors of Building Materials-Major Retailers
COMFORT R & V 65 Orbely Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 226-498 Fax: (374-1) 151-475 E-mail: areg@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Ruben Shakhmuradyan, President
OJAKH-E
8 Movses Khorenatsu Street Yerevan-8 Tel: (374-1) 574-233 Fax: (374-1) 574-838 Contact: Mr. Yerem Grigoryan, General Director
SHEN-CONCERN JSC 2/2 Shiraki Street Yerevan-43 Tel/Fax: (374-1) 460-101 Tel/Fax: (374-1) 460-101 E-mail: shen-concern@netsys.am Contact: Mr. Samvel Beglaryan, President
UNICOM OM 2 Kiyevyan Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 271-187 Fax: (374-1) 271-287 E-mail: uniqueom@intarnet.am Contact: Mr. Ararat Muradyan, Director
AVTOTRANSSTROY 28 Sevani Street Yerevan-26 Tel: (374-1) 443-902 Fax: (384-1) 441-513 Contact: Mr. Ara Alexanyan, Director
COMFORT R & V 65 Orbely Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 226-498 Fax: (374-1) 151-475 E-mail: areg@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Ruben Shakhmuradyan, President
ENERGASHINARD 50 Artsakhi Street Yerevan-53 Tel: (374-1) 592-571 Fax: (374-1) 473-701 Conact: Mr. Hrant Agavelyan, Executive Director
ENERGOSETSTROY 10/1 Babayan Street Yerevan-37 Tel: (374-1) 255-161 Fax: (374-1) 255-876 Contact: Mr. Lavrenti Mikayelyan, President
HAYGYUGHSHINNAKHAGITS 16 Kilyevyan Street Yerevan-28 Tel: (374-1) 274-307 Fax: (374-1) 262-791 E-mail: anush@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Varuzhan Hovasapyan, Director
HAYKAPAL
19A Koryuny Street Yerevan-9 Tel: (374-1) 529-347 Fax: (374-1) 567-420 Conact: Mr. Shabaz Arutyunov, Executive Director
HORIZON-95 26 Amiryan Street Yerevan-2 Tel: (374-1) 538-852 Fax: (374-1) 538-847 E-mail: horizon@best.am Contact: Mr. Gagik Shahbazyan, President
HYDROENERGOSHIN 67 Hanrapetutyan Street Yerevan-10 Tel: (374-1) 523-811 Fax: (374-1) 523-811 Contact: Mr. Perch Davtyan, General Director
YEREVANSHIN 27 Gyulbenkyan Street Yervan-33 Tel: (374-1) 545-607 Fax: (374-1) 270-710 E-mail: zangac@arminco.com Contact: Mr. Vazgen Pogosyan, General Director
Association of Armenian Importers of Building Materials Mr. Ruben Shahmuradian, President 65 Orbeli Yekhbayrneri St., Yerevan Tel: +374 (1) 226-498; Fax: +374 (1) 151-475
Major distributor/resellers:19
SHEN-CONCERN Mr. SamvelL Beglarian, President 2/2 Shiraki St. Yerevan-43 Tel/Fax: (374-2) 449-545 Tel/Fax: (374-2) 423-392 Shen is one of Armenia`s largest importers of building material. The products are mainly imported from Germany, the US, Russia and the Ukraine. KERAMIKA Mr. Norair Khachatrian, President 4 Avan #19 Yerevan
Tel: (374-2) 616-3OO Fax: (374-2) 151-918 E-mail: IMEX M@MBOX.INTARNET.COM
R & V COMFORT Mr. Ruben Shahmurardian, President 65 Orbely St. Yerevan Tel: (374-2) 226-498 Fax: (374-2) 151-475 R&V is one of the largest wholesalers of building and finishing material. OJAKH - E Mr. Yerem Grigorian 201 Movses Khorenatsu St. Yerevan
Tel: (374-2) 574-838 Fax: (374-2) 151-171 This company is the largest building and finishing materials reseller in Armenia.
Mr. Samvel Tarasian, CEO 9 Nalbandian St. Yerevan
Tel: (374-2) 527-955 Fax: (374-2) 527-955 E-mail: ROOT@BRITAM.ARMINCO.COM
EUROSTAN UYOUT Mr. Ara Badeyan, President 2/1 Demirchian St. Yerevan Tel: (374-2) 568-505 fax: (374-2)568-405
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