December 2014 Teacher's Guide for So Tired in the Morning: The Science of Sleep Table of Contents
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December 2014 Teacher's Guide for So Tired in the Morning: The Science of Sleep Table of Contents About the Guide 2 Student Questions 3 Answers to Student Questions 4 Anticipation Guide 5 Reading Strategies 6 Background Information 8 Connections to Chemistry Concepts 23 Possible Student Misconceptions 23 Anticipating Student Questions 24 In-Class Activities 25 Out-of-class Activities and Projects 25 References 27 Web Sites for Additional Information 28 General Web References 32 More Web Sites on Teacher Information and Lesson Plans 33 About the GuideTeacher’s Guide editors William Bleam, Regis Goode, Donald McKinney, Barbara Sitzman and Ronald Tempest created the Teacher’s Guide article material. E-mail: bbleam@verizon.net Susan Cooper prepared the anticipation and reading guides. Patrice Pages, ChemMatters editor, coordinated production and prepared the Microsoft Word and PDF versions of the Teacher’s Guide. E-mail: chemmatters@acs.org Articles from past issues of ChemMatters can be accessed from a DVD that is available from the American Chemical Society for $42. The DVD contains the entire 30-year publication of ChemMatters issues, from February 1983 to April 2013. The ChemMatters DVD also includes Article, Title and Keyword Indexes that covers all issues from February 1983 to April 2013. The ChemMatters DVD can be purchased by calling 1-800-227-5558. Purchase information can be found online at www.acs.org/chemmatters. Student Questions
Answers to Student Questions
Jilly’s concern about the school board’s decision centered on her worry about not being able to handle the earlier 7:20 a.m. start time they were suggesting.
Jilly set up a Facebook page and a Twitter account to enlist help from her friends to attend the school board meeting and make a case against an earlier start time.
Yes, Jilly was successful; she and her friends presented their scientific research to the board and in a final decision, the school board decided to begin school at 9:00 a.m.
Melatonin is a hormone that builds up during the day and makes us feel sleepy at night. It decreases by morning so that we feel refreshed when we wake up.
Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland, a small organ in the brain, shown in Figure 2.
NAT is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of melatonin from serotonin (see Figure 3).
NAT is most active at night (in the dark) when its concentration is greatest, thus producing the maximum amount of melatonin.
Teens often get less than nine hours of sleep because their 24-hour cycle differs from the cycle for adults and young children. This is due to the fact that their melatonin production is about three hours later than for others, keeping them up later and making them feel sleepy when they awake early in the morning.
Districts that adopted later start times found
To signal to your body that it is time to sleep, you can reduce the stimulation of artificial light by turning off your TV, computer, and cell phone.
Jilly and her friends researched and learned the chemistry required to convince the school board to improve their lives by changing their school’s schedule to a later start time.
Research shows that circadian rhythms are present in many forms of life, including plants, animals and bacteria. |