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Data Inventory Draft Technical Report


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4Data inventory


This inventory mainly refers to information available in FAO, although other potential sources have been taken into consideration. Annex B provides a summary table of the identified datasets and includes the following information: (a) the system handling the data, (b) the FAO Division or organization managing or distribution the data, (c) the type of data - i.e. spatial or tabular, (d) the list of the datasets and details about the attributes, when possible, (e) the area coverage defined as global, national and sub-national, (f) the spatial resolution and the map scale, (g) the temporal resolution indicating the interval of time within which the data is valid, (h) frequency of update, (i) means for accessing the data and (j) notes on known restrictions for using the data and rules for publication. The sections below give a more general description of the systems managing the data specified in Annex B. It is divided in two sections:

  • Section 4.1 describes systems/datasets and data produced and/or distributed by FAO. Data sources (FAO divisions) are listed in alphabetical order.

  • Section 4.2 reports on systems/datasets and data available from other sources


4.1Data Produced and/or Distributed by FAO

4.1.1Africa Real Time Environmental Monitoring System (ARTEMIS) - SDR


General description: It provides information on environmental conditions using data from low-resolution earth observation satellites. It was established at FAO in 1988 with the objective of providing a routine flow of satellite imagery indicating the status of the growing season and vegetation development over Africa afterward extended to South and Central America and Asia. ARTEMIS processes METEOSAT TIR and NOAA-AVHRR GAC data to monitor rainfall and vegetation development using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the AVHRR instrument. All products are available at a common resolution of 7.6 km. ARTEMIS maintains an archive of (a) Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) images dating back to 1988 and (b) 10-day, 8-kilometer resolution vegetation since from AVHRR sensor on NOAA polar orbiting satellites since 1981. In addition, 10-day real-time vegetation images from the VEGETATION instrument on-board the SPOT-4 satellite have been integrated into the system. This data is particularly useful for sub-national monitoring of vegetation since (a) it has a global coverage, (b) the spatial resolution (1 Km) is much higher than NOAA GAC data (7.6 Km) AND (c) the spectral characteristics of the sensor are specifically designed for vegetation monitoring.


4.1.2AfriCover - SDRN


General description: Land-cover data derived from satellite image interpretation and ground truthing. The land cover classes are based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) developed by FAO. Data is available for Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The methodology applied by AfriCover is intended to be used for Global Land Cover (GLCN) programme which intends to produce a standardized land cover layer at global level.


4.1.3AQUASTAT - AGL


General description: It provides information on quantity and quality of freshwater and its availability and use. The objective of AQUASTAT is to generate rural water use data at national and sub-national levels. The AQUASTAT site includes country profiles organized in six sections: (a) geography and population, (b) climate and water resources, (c) irrigation and drainage development, (d) institutional environment, (e) trends in water resources management and (f) main sources of information. AQUASTAT main database can be downloaded from the FAO website; Annex B provides a list of the included information.


4.1.4Digital Soil Map of the World and Derived Soil Properties - AGL


General description: It is based on the FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World, original scale 1:5,000,000. It includes agronomic and environmental parameters such as pH, organic carbon content, C/N ratio, clay mineralogy, soil depth, soil and terrain suitability for specific crop production, soil moisture storage capacity and soil drainage class.


4.1.5Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) - AGA


General description: It is an information system on farm animal genetic resources. It reports on the domestic animal breeds occurring in each country indicating, when available, the size of the population in number of individuals and the main characteristics of the species.


4.1.6ECOCROP 1 - AGL


General description: it provides indications on the level of adaptability of crops to environmental conditions and includes more than 1700 plant species indicating for each of them climate and soil requirements. The software enables the user to identify suitable crop or tree species for a specified environment based on local climate and soil conditions, such as temperature, rainfall, light soil texture, depth, pH, salinity and fertility. Ecocrop 1 is also able to identify plant species according to the use(s) indicated by the user such as food, fodder or pasture, green manure, energy, fiber, timber, industrial purposes, and many others.


4.1.7Emergency Database - TC


General description: It is an MS-Access database maintained by the Information Officer in TCOR. It includes information on: (a) appeals, (b) consultants, (c) contracts, (d) coordination units, (e) countries info, (f) donor inputs, (g) type of follow up to emergencies, (h) logs, (i) operational responsibilities, (j) TCOR projects, (k) purchase requisition, (l) recruitment of consultants, (m) short country briefs. A detail list of the data included in each of the above subjects is reported in Annex B. Data is available from the year 2001. Part of the information included in the database will be integrated into FPMIS, however, the sustainability of this system has to be verified.

4.1.8Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) - AGA


General description: EMPRES is intended to respond to the lack of early warning in dealing with livestock diseases. The objective of EMPRES is to contribute to global disease information availability for the prevention and control of major epidemic livestock diseases. EMPRES hosts the Global Rinder pest Eradication Programme (GREP) which should represent the most updated source of information on rinder pest (including disease outbreak database, scientific publications and distribution maps). The database of EMPRESS is still under development.


4.1.9FAO Procurement Services database in Oracle - AFSP


General description: This database includes information on every purchase order issued for FAO HQs or for field projects. The information recorded in the database includes: (a) project code, (b) country of destination, (c) date of the purchase order, (d) date of payment authorization, (e) purchased items (in broad categories sometimes according to the UN Standard Commodity Code), (f) supplied quantities (in the appropriate measurement units), (g) unit prices, (h) total amount spent and (i) details about the supplier. It should be mentioned that the procured items are not described in detail but only as broad categories (i.e. “fishing nets” or “seeds”); however, in various cases a digital document (in Word format or as scanned image) including the technical specifications of the procured items is attached to the database records. Data is available from May 1999 and it is regularly updated by the Procurement Services or by the FAO Regional Offices.


4.1.10FAOCLIM 2 - SDRN


General description: It is a desktop system including a global agro-climatic dataset based on monthly climatic time series data which includes information from more than 28,000 meteorological stations in the world. The available climatic parameters include, among others: (a) min, max and mean temperature, (b) total rainfall, (c) relative humidity, (d) vapor pressure, (e) potential evapo-transpiration (PET), (f) wind speed and (g) sunshine. The software provides outputs in report and comma-delimited formats of averages and time-series of any of the available parameters. An interactive map enables the selection of the stations included in an area defined by the user. Data is not updated regularly and gaps exist in the time series data. Information is in MS-Access format and therefore potentially linkable to GIS.


4.1.11FAOSTAT - ESSA


General description: FAOSTAT is a compilation of statistical data on various aspects of food and agriculture from all countries disseminated through CD-Rom and Internet. FAOSTAT data, accessed through a user interface, can be broadly classified into three groups: (a) country-level data referring to items such as agricultural production and trade, producer prices, land use, means of production, etc., (b) derived data such as agricultural production and trade indices, food supply etc., and (c) data referring to items such as population and labor force that are derived by, or in collaboration with, other international agencies. Country-level data are collected through (a) questionnaires sent annually to member countries, (b) magnetic tapes, diskettes, FTP transfers and accessing websites of the countries, (c) national/international publications, (d) country visits made by the FAO statisticians and (e) reports of FAO Representatives in member countries. However, many developing countries still do not have an adequate system of statistics pertaining to the agricultural sector and the reliability of available data may be questionable.


4.1.12FAOSTAT 2 - ESSA


General description: It will represent the second generation of FAOSTAT and would include improved quality of the data by providing robust tools for compiling, validating, estimating and analyzing data both at FAO headquarters as well as at the country level. The new system it is expected to have the capacity to store and report on country data that is captured at the sub-national or administrative unit level.


4.1.13Fertilizer Database - AGL


General description: This data is collected at sub-national level and stored in Excel tables published in the AGLL website. The data represents fertilizer types, quantities and costs by country and by crop. Sub-national data is available for some of the countries by administrative units or by ecological zones, when available. Data is not consistently updated for lack of resources and few countries (about 6) have currently been completed while other 3 are under preparation. Sub-national data is planned to be published through FAOSTAT 2 although some of the information may not be publicly available and their accessibility for the EIS should be further discussed with ESSA.


4.1.14Field Programme Management Information System (FPMIS) - TC


General description: The FPMIS is operated by the TC Department and provides information on (a) people involved with the management and operation of field programmes and projects, (b) donors funding technical cooperation projects, (c) technical divisions related to projects, (d) project documents, revisions, progress and technical reports, (e) country strategy papers, donor agreements, etc., (f) current financial project status through direct links to the corporate Data Warehouse (FAO Oracle) and (g) historical financial data through links to TC data bases (under development). New tools to be integrated into FPMIS are currently being developed:

  • A database on NGOs and Organizations operating in support to emergency has been developed by TCOR. It includes the following information: (a) name of the organization, (b) organization category, (c) contacts, (d) address of field offices, (e) areas of work, (f) main activities, (g) countries of intervention, (h) material produced, (i) financial sources and (j) type of cooperation with FAO. The database it is expected to be regularly updated by the FAO representations and the emergency coordinators under the supervision of TCOR

  • Country “Local View” providing detailed information on inputs provided by the operating projects. Information includes (a) the list of items, (b) the area where items were distributed, (c) the quantities, (d) the dates of delivery and (e) the cost of delivery. The tool is provided with facilities to aggregate data and to produce statistics and summary tables. This module is under development and currently tested for the information of Afghanistan. The maintenance mechanism for the regular update of this database have still to be established


4.1.15FISHSTAT+ - FIDI


General description: It is a set of downloadable fishery statistical datasets. This product provides more detailed data than fishery information from FAOSTAT/WAICENT on-line database. Information provided by this database include: aquaculture production (quantities and values), capture production, total production, fishery commodities production and trade, Eastern Central Atlantic capture production, Mediterranean and Black Sea capture production.


4.1.16GeoNetwork - SDR


General description: It is meant to be a spatial information infrastructure, inclusive of data and metadata, being developed by FAO to improve access to, and integrated use of, spatial information. GeoNetwork uses the Internet as an interoperable information exchange mechanism between UN Agencies, intergovernmental organizations and NGO’s and allows individuals and organizations to visualize maps and related information. GeoNetwork datasets includes population density, infrastructure, administrative boundaries, land cover/use, soils, crop zones, water, fisheries and forest resources, livestock distribution, nutrition profiles and early warning information. Geographic data, when downloadable from the site, is mainly available as shapefiles or ArcInfo grids.


4.1.17Global Agro-Ecological Zoning (AEZ) - AGL


General description: it is based on (a) half-degree latitude/longitude world climate data set (Climate Research Unit of the University of East Anglia), (b) 5' soils data derived from the digital version of the FAO Soil Map of the World, (c) the 30 arc-seconds latitude/longitude Global Land Cover Characteristics Database (USGS Eros Data Center), and (d) the GTOPO30, 30 arc-second digital elevation data set. The quality and reliability of these data sets is uneven across regions with particular regard to the world soil map that is based on a 1:5,000,000 scale map.


4.1.18Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS) - ESA


General description: The System’s goal is to provide policy-makers and policy-analysts with available information on all aspects of food supply and demand. It provides regular bulletins on food crop production and markets at the global level and situation reports on a regional and country-by-country basis. The information provided by GIEWS include: (a) indicators on food supply and demand, (b) global production, stocks, trade and food aid, (c) export prices and developments on main grain exchanges, (d) Special Alerts/Reports. It makes use of FAO’s Africa Real Time Environmental Monitoring Information System (ARTEMIS), and also agro-meteorological assessments conducted by the Agro-meteorology Group. The Emergency Centre for Locust Operations (ECLO) and the Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) provide GIEWS with information on migratory pest movements and control operations. Data from four satellite systems are used for monitoring the various crop seasons through out the world. Data received directly at FAO ARTEMIS from the European METEOSAT satellite are used to produce cold cloud duration (CCD) images for Africa every 10 days. These provide a estimate for rainfall, as cold clouds are often responsible for rain, and high cold cloud duration over an area is indicative of significant rainfall. GIEWS makes also extensive use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images that provide an indication of the vigor and extent of vegetation cover as indicators for monitoring crop conditions throughout the season. For crop monitoring at sub-national levels, GIEWS uses 10-day real-time vegetation images from the VEGETATION instrument on-board the SPOT-4 satellite. Crop data includes: (a) main crops and food supply, (b) planting and harvesting calendars, (c) production, stocks and trade of cereals and other basic food commodities, (d) statistical information on developments in the world cereal markets, export prices and ocean freight rates. GIEWS is developing an integrated information system known as the “GIEWS Workstation”. The Workstation consists of customized tools that include country cereal balance sheets, software for the display and analysis of maps and satellite images, and an electronic news service. The Workstation is linked to a unique reference database with pertinent information on food security at global, regional, national and sub-national levels.


4.1.19Global Land Use Database - AGL


General description: It aims at providing global land use coverage aggregated by sub-national administrative units. This database, still under preparation, is under the umbrella of Agri-MAPS, a collaborative initiative by FAO, IFPRI and SAGE with the support of national institutions. It concentrates data collection on 15 crops having the most harvested areas on a global basis according to FAOSTAT data and additional 20 crops of importance in several geographic regions. This data is based on the national agricultural censuses available in the countries and collected through the FAO representations or national institutes. Spatial data is in shapefiles and tabular information is in Excel/ Dbase formats. The table below lists the crops considered for the compilation of the Global Land Use Database.


Major crops of global importance

Additional crops of regional importance

Crops

Global share %

Crops

Global share %

Wheat

18.1

Vegetable, fresh

1.2

Rice, paddy

13.1

Oats

1.1

Maize

11.7

Coconuts

1.0

Soybeans

6.3

Coffee, green

0.9

Barley

4.5

Chick-peas

0.9

Sorghum

3.6

Cow peas, dry

0.8

Millet

3.1

Rye

0.8

Seed cotton

2.8

Oil palm fruit

0.8

Rapeseed

2.2

Sweet potatoes

0.8

Groundnuts

2.1

Olives

0.7

Beans, dry

2.0

Natural rubber

0.7

Sunflower seeds

1.8

Grapes

0.6

Potatoes

1.7

Sesame seeds

0.6

Sugarcane

1.6

Cocoa beans

0.6

Cassava

1.4

Sugar beets

0.5







Plantains

0.4







Yams

0.3







Lupins

0.1













Total

76.0




12.8


4.1.20Global Livestock Production and Health Atlas (GLiPHA) - AGA


General description: GLiPHA is an electronic atlas that uses the Key Indicator Mapping System (KIMS) developed by the World Agriculture Information Centre of FAO. The atlas provides an overview of spatial and temporal variation of information related to animal production and health. It includes information on livestock disease, livestock production and classification rules for country-level disease risk classification. The disease information is derived primarily from national disease reports from the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) while the livestock production data is extracted from the FAO Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). Specific 'country projects' are based on sub-national information contained in national statistical yearbooks as well as on information supplied to the Animal Production and Health Division by national authorities.


4.1.21GLOBEFISH - FIIU


General description: It is the FAO coordinating body of a network of regional marketing information services named INFOPESCA (South and Central America), INFOFISH (Asia and Pacific region), INFOPECHE (Africa), INFOSAMAK (Arab countries) EUROFISH (Eastern and Central Europe), and INFOYU (China). This INFOnetwork promotes trade in fish products by: (a) providing up-to-date information on markets and prices, (b) bringing buyers and sellers together in international conferences, (c) training industry and government on quality requirements of the main markets.


4.1.22Irrigation Equipment System (IES) - AGL


General description: It is a database that aims at establishing a list of irrigation equipment services worldwide. IES has been developed as part of FAO's mandate to provide information on irrigation. Prospective beneficiaries of IES are those who need to locate information on irrigation equipment at regional or country level. Information is given on: (a) suppliers/manufacturers, (b) equipment, (c) standards and (d) links to related sites.


4.1.23Livestock Distribution Database - AGA


General description: it aims at providing access to estimates of the global distribution of livestock species by filling gaps in the existing 5 minute (8 km) global distribution dataset and establishing a system for higher resolution (30 second/1 km) livestock distribution mapping. These activities are supported by AGA core funds, and by the PPLPF and LEAD projects. Important collaborators include ILRI and the University of Oxford. Collation of data is ongoing and data layers will eventually be disseminated via AGA’s GLiPHA interface. The product includes available livestock data country by country of major livestock species (bovines, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens) corrected for various levels of ‘unsuitability’, mapped to 5 minute and 30 second resolution grids.


4.1.24TERRASTAT – AGL/SDR


General description: It is a desktop application including a collection of datasets at global level produced jointly with other FAO divisions and distributed on CD-Rom. The main subjects are: (a) major soil constraints (hydromorphy, low CEC, aluminum toxicity), (b) major soil constraints (Vertic properties, high P fixation, salinity), (c) major soil constraints (sodicity, shallowness, erosion risk), (d) extent of soils without major constraints, deserts and dryland areas, (e) population distribution in deserts and dryland areas, (f) steep lands, (g) land degradation severity, (h) human-induced land degradation due to agricultural activities, (i) land degradation severity and population distribution and (j) actual and potential available arable land.


4.1.25Vector Map Level 0 (VMap0) - SDR


General description: Formerly known as Digital Chart of the World-DCW, Vector Map (VMap) Level 0 is an updated and improved version of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Digital Chart of the World (DCW). The VMap Level 0 database provides worldwide coverage of vector-based geospatial data which can be viewed at 1:1,000,000 scale. It consists of geographic, attribute, and textual data stored on compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM). The primary source for the database is the 1:1,000,000 scale Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series co-produced by the military mapping authorities of Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States. The complete database is available at the GIS unit in SDRN on CD-Rom. VMap Level 0 includes major road and rail networks, hydrologic drainage systems, utility networks (cross-country pipelines and communication lines), major airports, elevation contours, coastlines, international boundaries and populated places. The original data structure is Vector Product Format (VPF), but is also available as shapefiles and ArcInfo coverages.

4.1.26World Information and Early Warning System (WIEWS) - AGPS


General description: The WIEWS on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) was established by FAO as a mechanism to collect and disseminate information on PGRFA, and as an instrument for the periodic assessment of the state of the world's PGRFA. The system, still under development, consists of a number of relational databases, resulting from direct contributions from Member Countries and from data collating activities (e.g. country reports, regional meetings, etc.) carried out by AGPS staff. One of the components of WIEWS is the Seed Information System (SIS). This was initially developed by the Seed and Plant Genetic Resources Service in the 1970s as a supporting tool to the seed-exchange activities carried out by the Seed Laboratory of the Service and to satisfy specific requests for information on varieties and seed suppliers. SIS is an MS-Access database on seeds species, which provides information on seed varieties by country. The database includes about 70,000 seed species and it is available in AGPS. However, the database has not been cleared by AGPS for publication/distribution because of internal inconsistencies and gaps. This information is not available for the FAO Emergency database. Data collection activities under WIEWS are being carried out in a limited number of countries (about 12 under implementation and other 5 are planned for the near future) and the first release of newly structured database is expected in the year 2004. The WIEWS web application is meant to be a gateway for information including include the new version of the Seed Information System and an Early Warning System for Monitoring Plant Genetic Erosion (currently in a design phase).


4.1.27World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) - AGL


General description: WOCAT’s mission is to provide tools that allow Soils and Water Conservation (SWC) specialists to share knowledge in soil and water management and to assist them in searching for appropriate SWC technologies and approaches. WOCAT contributes to the implementation of United Nations Conventions, such as the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), and the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). WOCAT data in MS-Access and Run-Time versions are downloadable from the FAO site.


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