Course code: sfm 301 (S) Course Title: forest extension and communication full marks: 50 Theory: 50 general objective

2. Analyze and calculate the data obtained from an experiment.

3. Draw valid inferences and conclusions about the results of an experiment.
UNIT 1 BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPTS (3)

1.1 Dot notation

1.2 Hypothesis testing

1.3 F/Test / T-Test review

1.4 Fixed, mixed and random models
UNIT 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (4)

1. 
   Introduction
   
2. 
   One way ANOVA
   
3. 
   Two way ANOVA
   

3.1 Definition of different terminology in experimental design

3.2 Principal of experimental design
UNIT 4 COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN (CRD) (4)

4.1 The experimental plan

4.2 Allocation of treatments to Experimental Unit (EU)

4.3 Linear model and assumptions

4.4 Analysis
UNIT 5 RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN (RCBD) (4)

5.1 The experimental plan

5.2 Allocation of treatments to Experimental Unit (EU)

5.3 Linear model and assumptions

5.4 Analysis
UNIT 6 LATIN SQUARE DESIGN [LSD] (4)

6.1 The experimental plan

6.2 Allocation of treatments to experimental unit (EU)

6.3 Linear model and assumptions

6.4 Analysis
UNIT 7 MULTIPLE COMPARISONS (4)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Least Significance Difference (LSD) Procedure

7.3 Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) Procedure

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The 2X2 factorial experiment

8.3 Analysis

8.4 Generalization of 2X2 factorial experiment to 2³
UNIT 9 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE (ANACOVA) (4)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Adjustment to sum of square in regression

9.3 ANACOVA in CR design

9.4 Analysis

UNIT 10 OTHER DESIGNS (INTRODUCTION ONLY) (3)

10.1 Confounding

10.2 Split plot design

10.3 Nested design

10.4 Major research problems in RNR field in Nepal
UNIT 11 CHI-SQUARE TEST (3)

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Goodness of fit.

11.3 Test of homogeneity

11.4 Test of independence.

PRACTICAL

1. Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

2. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)

3. Latin Square Design (LSD)

4. Paired Comparison: LSD and DNMRT

5. Two- and three-factor factorial design

6. Analysis of covariance

7. Field visit to experimental plots

8. Computer use in experimental design

9. Chi-square test

2. Experimental Design, W.G. Cochran and G.M. Cox.

3. Principles and Procedure of Statistics, R.G.D. Steel and J.H. Torrie.

4. Fundamentals of Statistics (Volume 2), A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Das Gupta.

5. Statistical Methods, G.W. Snedecor and W.G. Cochran.

6. Statistical manual for forestry research – J. ……………… (FAO Publication)

2. Get familiarize with requirements and attractions related services,

3. Demonstrate ability for planning and developing tourism

4. Evaluate the impacts of tourism

5. Take actions to minimize tourism impacts
UNIT 1 TOURISM (6)

1.1 Introduction

1.2 History, status & scope of tourism in Nepal

1.3 Why people travel

1.4 Determine factors of travel

1.5 Types of tourism

1.6 Importance of tourism
UNIT 2 VISITORS, TOURISTS, EXCURSIONISTS & MOTIVATION OF TRAVEL (6)

1. 
   Visitors
   
2. 
   Types of tourists
   
3. 
   Excursionists
   
4. 
   Motives & attitudes
   

Physical, cultural & Interpersonal motivators & their reason

2. 
   Factors influencing the growth of tourism
   

3.1 Recreational facilities

3.1.1 National parks and conservation areas

3.1.2 Amusement and other parks

3.1.3 Social and cultural diversity

3.2 Recreational activities

3.2.1 Tours

3.2.2 Sporting events

3.3 Other services

3.3.1 Accommodation and food

3.3.2 Shopping

2.3.3 Financial services

3.3.4 Publication/information

3.3.5 Entertainment

3.3.6 Conference facilities

3.3.7 Rescue and medical services

3.3.8 Transportation
UNIT 4 TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT (10)

4.1 Planning for Tourism

4.1.1 Coordination in planning / concerned agencies

4.1.2 Assessment of tourist demand & supply

4.1.3 Establishing objectives

4.1.4 Territorial planning

4.1.5 Basics Infra structure

4.1.6 Financial planning

4.1.7 Administrative structure

4.1.8 Tourism marketing & promotion

4.1.9 Time factor

4.2 Need for tourism planning

4.3 Scope of tourism planning (National/Regional and Local)(

4.4 Environmental Planning

1. 
   Tourism zone management
   
2. 
   Nature tourist guides & training
   
3. 
   Visitors carrying capacity
   
4. 
   Signs & map
   
5. 
   Hides & Machans
   
6. 
   Visitors / Interpretation centers & museum
   
7. 
   Natures trail
   
8. 
   Visitors survey & data analysis
   
9. 
   Brochures pamplets & posters, etc
   

1. 
   Natural & cultural diversity
   
2. 
   Himalayan region
   
3. 
   Mid hill region
   
4. 
   Terai region
   
5. 
   National park & wildlife reserves of Nepal
   
6. 
   Festivals of Nepal
   
7. 
   Ethenic diversity
   
8. 
   Special Attraction of Nepal
   

1. 
   Tours & travel agencies
   
2. 
   Trekking in Nepal
   
3. 
   Expedition & mountaineering
   
4. 
   Rafting in Nepal
   
5. 
   Hot air balloon
   
6. 
   Bunjee jumping
   
7. 
   Para gliding
   
8. 
   Ultra light aircraft
   
9. 
   Cannoning
   
10. 
    Fishing
    
11. 
    Mountain flight
    
12. 
    Cable car
    
13. 
    Jungle safari
    
14. 
    Hunting
    
15. 
    Mountaing biking
    
16. 
    Rock climbing
    
17. 
    Village tourism
    

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Impacts of tourism

8.2.1 Economic impacts

8.2.2 Social impacts

8.2.3 Physical/environmental impacts

8.3 Mitigation of negative impacts of tourism

8.4 Impact of natural resource

1. 
   Observation and evaluation of tourism facilities and services
   
2. 
   Visitor survey
   
3. 
   Local community and tour operator survey.
   
4. 
   Impact analysis.
   
5. 
   Local tourism centers.
   

2. Matheison and G. Wall. Tourism's Economic, Physical and Social Impacts

3. Mill and Morrison. The tourism System

4. Department of Tourism. Nepal Tourism Statistics

5. Nepalese tourism immigration and wildlife conservation laws

6. George McIntyre (WTO) – Spain (1993). Sustainable Tourism Development: Guide for local planners.

7. Inskeep Tourism: Local and Regional Planning

8. Boo Elizabeth (1990) – WWF. Potentials and pitfalls of eco-tourism vol. 1 and 2

1. 
   Understand fundamental of Remote sensing systems and their principles
   
2. 
   Understand characteristics of satellite imageries, how they are acquired processed and interpreted
   
3. 
   Integrate remote sensed data with GIS for natural resource management
   

1. 
   History and development of remote sensing
   
2. 
   Active and passive remote sensing
   
3. 
   Ideal and real remote sensing
   

1. 
   The electromagnetic spectrum (EMR), Remote sensing in visible, IR spectrum thermal IR spectrum
   
2. 
   Energy source and radiation Principles
   
   1. 
      Wave theory
      
   2. 
      Particle theory
      
3. 
   EMR interaction in the atmosphere
   
   1. 
      Emission
      
   2. 
      Scattering (Raleigh, Mie and non selective)
      
   3. 
      Absorption
      
   4. 
      Transmission
      
   5. 
      Reflectance
      
4. 
   EMR interaction with the earth surface
   
   1. 
      Spectral reflectance
      
   2. 
      Spectral response pattern
      
   3. 
      Spectral signature
      
5. 
   Remote sensing sensors and scanning systems
   
   1. 
      Multi-spectral scanning systems sweep (push brown) and conical (MSS, Landsat TM, Spot, IRS, IKONOS, Quick bird)
      
   2. 
      Sensor systems characteristics:- detectors, IFOV, Sensitivity, Platforms
      

1. 
   Data acquisition and correction
   

1. 
   Methods of satellite data acquisition
   
2. 
   Distribution of CCT, CD-ROM, Jazz, Exabyte, Zip drives etc.
   

1. 
   Image rectification and registration
   
2. 
   Image enhancement technique
   
3. 
   Image classification
   
   1. 
      Spectral pattern recognition
      
   2. 
      Supervised classification
      
   3. 
      Unsupervised classification
      
   4. 
      Merit and Demerit of supervised and unsupervised classification, Ancillary data and their use
      

1. 
   Application of remote sensing imageries for natural resource management
   
2. 
   Land use and land cover mapping (NDVI) and soil classification
   
3. 
   Temporal change detection
   
4. 
   Interpretation of satellite image
   

1. 
   Principles of MWRS
   
2. 
   Sensor Systems characteristics (real aperture radar synthetic aperture radar)
   
3. 
   Atmospheric and terrain properties - surface roughness, dielectric constant and polonaitation
   
4. 
   Radar Geometry
   
5. 
   Application of radar data
   

1. 
   Introduction to GIS, and GIS Software / (Image processing software’s)
   
2. 
   Application of GIS for Planning and decision making in natural resource management
   
3. 
   LIS and its use in Land use planning and decision making process
   
4. 
   GPS Application in NRM
   

1. 
   Familiarization with RGB layers
   
2. 
   Correction to digital data (Radiometric and geometric)
   
3. 
   Land use classification and field verification (Unsupervised classification and Supervised classification)
   
4. 
   Vegetation classification using NDVI
   

1. 
   Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Thomas M. Lillesand and Ralph W. Kiefer, John Wiley and Sons.
   
2. 
   Digital Image Processing, J. R. Jensen
   
3. 
   Aerial Photographs in Forestry, Stephen H. Spurr.
   
4. 
   Text Book of Photogrammetry, K.K. Rampal.
   
5. 
   Remote Sensing and Forest Surveys, Dr. M.K. Sharma.
   
6. 
   Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing Journal published by ASPRS, Bethseda, USA
   
7. 
   International Journal of Remote Sensing
   

1. Evaluate various management strategies.

2. Appraise different decision making criteria

3. Apply tools of regulating different types of forest production systems and apply concepts of allowable cut.

4. Understand methods of optimal rotation determination.

5. Demonstrate ability to write forest resource management plans.

1.1 Forest management objectives (1)

1.2 Forest management alternatives and analysis (1)

1.3 Decision-making principles and models (1)

1.4 Different forest management strategies in Nepal.

1.5 Role of forests in economic development (1)

1.5.1 Contribution in national economy

1.5.2 Role in local economy

- Agriculture

- Rural enterprises

1.5.3 Role of forest in livelihood.

1.6 Forests, society and environment (1)

1.6.1 Social benefits of forests

1.6.2 Environmental benefits of forests

2.1 Concept and principles of sustainable forest management (6)

2.1.1 Concept, definition and principle of sustainable forest management

2.1.2 Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management

2.1.3 Various forest certification schemes

2.2 Concept and practice of sustained yield

2.2.1 Concept, definition of sustained yield

2.2.2 Prerequisites for sustained yield

2.2.3 Limitations in Nepal's conditions

2.2.4 Yield types

2.2.5 Management steps for sustained yield
UNIT 3 FOREST VALUATION METHODS (4)

3.1 Common valuation techniques (1)

3.2 Time value of money (only review)

3.2.1 Interest rate

3.2.2 Discount rate

3.2.1 Inflation adjustment

3.3 Decision-making criteria (2)

3.3.1 Present net worth

3.3.2 Benefit cost ratio

3.3.3 Land expectation value

3.3.4 Internal rate of return

- Economic rate return

- Financial rate of return

3.4 Risk and uncertainty evaluation (3)

3.4.1 Risk management

3.4.2 Decision-making with uncertainty

4.1 Concept and types of rotation

4.1.1 Concepts definitions

4.1.2 Types of rotations

4.1.3 Choice and length of rotation

4.2 Rotation determination methods

4.2.1 Biological criteria

4.2.2 Financial/economic criteria

4.2.3 Social/environmental criteria
UNIT 5 FOREST REGULATION (12)

5.1 Concepts and approaches (4)

5.1.1 The normal forest concept

5.1.2 Yield tables and yield regulations

5.2 Regulating plantation forest (4)

5.2.1 Concepts

5.2.2 Applications

5.3 Regulating natural forests (4)

5.3.1 Concepts

5.3.2 Applications

5.4 Allowable cut methods (3)

5.4.1 Area control

5.4.2 Volume control

5.4.3 Combined area and volume control

6.1 Policy formulation process

6.2 Local

6.3 National

7.1 Forest resource management plan

7.1.1 Concept, definitions, objectives and limitations of forest management plan

7.1.2 Components of forest management plan

7.1.3 Forest management unit

7.2 Preparation of forest management plan

7.2.1 Data collection

- biophysical

- socio-economical

7.2.2 Maps and sketches

7.2.3 General format (4)

7.2.4 Contents

7.2.5 Write up of management plan

7.2.6 Methods of updating

2. Practice in forest inventory and assessment

3. Study of sustainable forest management
TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Introduction to Forest Resource Management, William A. Leuschner. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Forest Management, Ram Prakash, International Book Distributors, Deharadun.

2. Explain the wood properties and wood moisture relationship.

3. Explain the defects in wood and their prevention

4. Explain the proper uses of wood

5. Explain the importance of wood seasoning & preservation.
Unit 1: Wood structure (4)

1. 
   Wood structure of soft wood species
   
2. 
   Wood structure of hard wood species
   

2.1 Importance

2.2 Physical properties

2.3 Mechanical properties

2.3.1 Chemical properties (Chemical constituents)
Unit 3: Wood conversion and grading (4)

1. 
   Principles of conversions and grading
   
2. 
   Saw milling
   
3. 
   Grading of sawn timber
   

1. 
   Location of water in wood
   
2. 
   Nature of water in wood
   
3. 
   Measurement of Moisture Content
   

1. 
   Principles and scope
   
2. 
   Importance
   
3. 
   Methods of seasoning
   
4. 
   Defects in wood (Natural, Seasoning, fungal, machine)
   

6.1 Importance

6.2 Preservatives & its types

6.3 Methods of preservative treatments

1. 
   Plywood, and Block boards
   

2. 
   Fiber boards
   

8.1 Raw materials

8.2 Pulping process (Mechanical, Chemical and Semi chemicals)

8.3 Paper manufacturing

8.4 Lokta (Daphne spp.): pulping and paper making

Unit 9: Wood energy (6)

9.1 Wood as energy and its importance

9.2 Wood charcoal and briquette

9.3 Fuel wood value of different species

9.4 Fuel wood supply and marketing
PRACTICAL

1. 
   Identification of wood samples (At least Ten species) 2 x 3 = 6 hrs.
   
2. 
   Specific gravity and moisture content determination 2 x 2 = 4 hrs.
   
3. 
   Visual grading of timber (during field visit)
   
4. 
   Visit to Forest based industries during field visit (Seasoning, preservation, composite products, Pulp and Paper)
   
5. 
   Field report of study tour must be submitted to respective concern teacher.
   

2. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction, John G. Haygreen and Jim L. Bowyer, Iowa State University Press/Aims, 1982.

3. Textbook of Wood Technology, A.J. Panshin, C. D. Zeeuw, and H. P. Brown, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1964.

4. Kolamann FFP and W. A. Cote Jr Principle of Wood Science and technology of Solid Wood

5. Journals of Wood Products and Wood Sciences.

6. Manual of Forest Utilization, S. Chowdhury 2003

7. Manual Important Woods of Nepal, D. Parajuli, S. Chowdhury, A.R. Gyawali & B.M.

Shrestha

1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts of wildlife conservation.

2. Discuss the different techniques of wildlife management, including population and disease control, capturing and trapping wild animals, marking and tagging, radio telemetry.

3. Demonstrate skills in habitat analysis and evaluation.

4. Understand the procedures for population estimation and analysis.

5. Describe techniques for control of wildlife damage.

6. Evaluate the human dimensions of wildlife conservation.

7. Describe the interaction of land pattern & wildlife status.