Course code: sfm 301 (S) Course Title: forest extension and communication full marks: 50 Theory: 50 general objective

UNIT 6 SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES (10)

1. 
   Introduction and definition of biological, engineering and Bioengineering measures
   
2. 
   Types of Biological measures: Plantation, Seeding, Manuring, Fertilization, Mulching, Controlled Grazing, Cropping pattern Wattling, Jute netting, Conservation tillage
   
3. 
   Types of Engineering Measures: Check dams, Retaining wall, Water ways Terraces, Embankments,
   

7.1 Definition of watershed/sub watershed

7.2 Delineation of watershed boundary

7.3 Definition of watershed management/sub watershed management

7.4 Watershed Characteristics

7.4.1 Physiographic characteristics (relief, climate, types of streams)

7.4.2 Land use characteristics

7.4.3 Socio-economic characteristics

1. 
   Concept of Rehabilitation, Preventive, and Conservation Extension measures
   
2. 
   Land use and land capability classification
   
3. 
   Concept of land use planning
   

9.1 Definition of Hydrology, and concept of hydrological cycle

9.2 Human effects on the hydrological cycle.
FIELD EXERCISE
1. Study of Soil Profile.

2. Soil Texture and color identification in the field.

3. Collection of soil samples.

4. Field visit in eroded area and observe conservation practices.

2. Soil conservation, R.P.C. Morgan.

3. Soil Conservation, Hudson. N.

4. FAO and DSCWM/Nepal Documents

5. Low cost technology

COURSE CODE: PWM 356 (S)

COURSE TITLE: WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND ECO-TOURISM

FULL MARKS: 50
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Students will gain the general knowledge about wildlife and Eco-tourism management.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course, the students will be familiar with:

1. 
   Definitions of important technical terms;
   
2. 
   Basic concepts of wildlife and eco-tourism management;
   
3. 
   Present status of wildlife and protected areas and needs for their conservation;
   
4. 
   Basic concepts of population dynamics and techniques of population estimation;
   
5. 
   Park-people conflict;
   
6. 
   Status and importance of eco-tourism;
   
7. 
   Impact of tourism; and
   
8. 
   Management activities related to development of recreational areas
   

1.1 Definition of important technical terms: Conservation / management, endangered species, habitat, niche, home ranges and territory, migration, dispersion, edge and ecotone, carrying capacity, buffer zone, corridors and connectivity, biodiversity, conservation, hot spot, etc

2.1 Positive values (consumptive and non-consumptive)

2.2 Negative values (Wildlife damage depredation, disease reservoir)

2.3 Introduction of protected areas of Nepal

2.4 Important & protected wildlife status of Nepal (Brief)

2.5 Wildlife people conflict

3.1 Population dynamics: natality, mortality, age-structure, sex ratio.

3.2 Population estimation techniques: mark and recapture, transect surveys pellet group counts (cervids), call counts (birds)
UNIT 4 TOURISM & ECO-TOURISM (8)

4.1 Tourism: Introduction/definition, travel and tourism, dimensions of travel, growth of tourism in Nepal and world.

4.2 Eco-tourism: definition, principles & role & limitations

4.3 Eco-tourism activities in natural environment, backpacking and hiking, camping, rafting, fishing, hunting, bird watching, jungle walk, elephant and horseback ride.

5.1 Attraction,

5.2 Type of attraction

5.2.1 Natural: hills, forests, lakes, wildlife

5.2.2 Man-made: Infrastructural and super-structure facilities & services

5.2.3 Socio-cultural: hospitality, socio-cultural practices, languages, historical, religious, ethnic groups (ex. Sherpas, Gurungs, Tharus)

6.1 Socio-cultural impacts

6.2 Economic impacts

6.3 Physical impacts

6.4 Impacts of natural resource
FIELD EXERCISE

1. 
   Tour accompanied by wild life expert: Identification and survey of wildlife.
   
2. 
   Excursions to locally available tourism & wildlife related facilities.
   

1. 
   Raymond F. Dasman, Wildlife Biology
   
2. 
   James H. Shah, Introduction to Wildlife Management
   
3. 
   Allan collier, Principles of Tourism
   
4. 
   Matheison and G. Wall ,Tourism's Economic, Physical and Social Impacts
   
5. 
   Mill and Morrison , The tourism System
   
6. 
   T.C. Manapuria, National parks & Wildlife of Nepal.
   
7. 
   Katel, Heinen and Mehta National Parks and administration
   

2. Demonstrate awareness of the roles and responsibilities of technicians.

3. Monitor and evaluate community forestry programs in Nepal.

4. Provide suitable advice and tools for making forestry, C.F. programs successful

5. Develop skills required to form Community Forestry.

6. Learn skill and knowledge of C.F. for rural development.

7. Learn about the Governance and its impact on C.F.
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY FORESTRY (5)

1.1 Definition and concept of Community Forestry,

1.2 Evolution of Community Forestry in Nepal (historical background)

1.3 Aims and Objectives of Community Forestry Program in Nepal

2.1 Job description and responsibilities

2.2 Qualities of a community worker

2.3 Art of building rapport in the village

3.1 Identification of users groups

3.2 Investigation, Negotiation, Details of RRA & PRA tools & techniques and its applications.

3.3 Planning & process for Registration, Operational plan preparation, hand over community forestry and certification.

3.4 Development of an operational plan including livelihood assets and its implementation.

3.5 Second generation issues & gender equity.

1. 
   Indigenous knowledge for forest management
   
2. 
   Protection, production, harvesting/Silvicultural operation and distribution and fund mobilization systems.
   
3. 
   Income generation and community capital formation.
   
4. 
   Characteristics in each stages of development
   
5. 
   SWOT analysis in each stage.
   

5.1 Fulfillment of basic needs of fuel wood, fodder and timber.

5.2 Community Forestry for rural people livelihood.

5.3 Concept of livelihood and relation with C.F. & Livelihood.

4. 
   Forest User Group and local resource management.
   

6.1 Department of Forest and District Forest Office (DFO),

6.2 Forest User Group, NGOs, INGOs, Other Donors and Federation of C.F. users Nepal (FECOFUN)

6.3 Nature of conflict and its resolutions/management.

7.1 Resource (Budget & Manpower) Problems & constraints in the implementation of C.F.

7.2 Post formation support and Institutional Strengthening

7.3 Forest User Group as a local development institution

1. 
   Concept and definition, principles need and process.
   
2. 
   Exercise of good governance in local organization (based on C.F.)
   
3. 
   Elements of good governance.
   

9.1 Basic concepts of Monitoring and Evaluation

9.2 Objectives and principles

9.3 Checklist for Monitoring and Evaluation of user group activities

9.4 Participatory approach of Monitoring and Evaluation in Community Forestry

9.5 Comparative study of livelihood forestry and C.F.

2. Exercise on operational plan preparation and community forestry handing over process.

3. Exercise on developing of monitoring & evaluation checklist.

4. Exercise on participatory tools and techniques in community forestry by showing video film related to C.F.

1. 
   Community Forestry Guidelines 1995. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. Department of Forest. Community and Private Forest Division, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu.
   
2. 
   The Community and Private Forestry Program in Nepal. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. Department of Forest. Community and Private Forest Division, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu.
   
3. 
   Villagers, Forests and Foresters. The Philosophy, Process and Practice of Community Forestry in Nepal. D. A. Gilmour and R. J. Fisher. Sahayogi Press, Kathamndu.
   
4. 
   Readings in Social Forestry and Natural Resource Management for Nepal. HMG, Ministry of Agriculture-Winrock International/IOF Project, Nepal.
   
5. 
   Forest User Groups in Nepal. Messerschmidt, Richard and Shrestha, IOFP Technical Paper.
   
6. 
   Elements of Community Forestry by B. P. Kayastha.
   
7. 
   Field Manuals in Community Forestry. Nepal Australia Community Resource Management Project, Katmandu.
   

2 The importance of genetics in tree improvement

3 The phenomenon of development of plants.

4 Familiarize with Biotechnology

1.1 Types of plant tissues:

1.1.1 Meritematic tissue.

1.1.2 Permanent tissue: simple, complex and secretary.

1.2 Internal structure of monocot root, stem and leaf.

1.3 Internal structure of dicot root, stem and leaf

1.4 Normal secondary growth.

1.5 Concept of abnormal secondary growth.

1.6 Ecological anatomy:

1.6.1 Hydrophytes

1.6.2 Mesophytes

1.6.3 Xerophytes

2.1 Genetics

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 Concept of Mendelism

2.1.3 Mutation: Chromosomal aberration and Gene mutation

2.1.4 Polyploidy

2.2 Plant breeding: Selection, Mutation and hybridization techniques.
UNIT 3 GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECNOLOGY (5)

3.1 Introduction of genetic engineering.

3.2 Biotechnology:

3.2.1 Tissue culture: Introduction,general process and its application.

3.2.2 Bio-fertilizer.
UNIT 4 EMBRYOLOGY (6)

4.1 Micro and Mega sporogenesis and gametogenesis

4.2 Pollination and Fertilization

4.3 Embryology of typical Monocotyledon and Dicotyledons Plants.

1. Anatomy

a. Preparation of temporary slide of root, stem and leaf of dicot plant.

b. Preparatipn of temporary slide of root, stem and leaf of monocot plant.

c. Preparation of permanent slides

d. Ecological anatomy of hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.

2. Study of internal structure of anther and ovary.

TEXT AND REFERENCES BOOKS

1. 
   Test Book of Botany-A.C.Dutta
   
2. 
   Principles of Genetics- Saxena
   
3. 
   Cytogenetics- Sinnot, Dunn and Dobzhansky
   
4. 
   Embryology of Angiosperms - P. Maheswori
   
5. 
   Biology of Nepal- S. R. Shakya
   
6. 
   Elements of Plant Breeding- H. D. Choudhary
   
7. 
   Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology-P.S. Verma and V.K. Agrawal.
   

1. 
   Light as sources of energy.
   
2. 
   Basic principles used in prism binoculars, telescope, radar etc.
   
3. 
   Electrical circuits used in electric fencing.
   
4. 
   Modern theory of physics, applied in forestry.
   
5. 
   Thermal and electrical conductivity of wood
   

1.1 Light as a source of energy, Refraction through lenses, Converging and diverging lens, lens formula.

1.2 Electrostatics, Induction, Conduction, Coulomb's law, Electric intensity, Electric potential, potential difference.
UNIT 2 OPTICS (8)

2.1. Refraction through lenses (2)

2.1.2. Lens maker's formula

2.1.3. Power of a lens

2.1.4. Combined focal length

2.2. Dispersion (2)

2.2.1. Spectrum of white light

2.2.2. Achromatic combination of lenses

2.3. Optical instruments (4)

2.3.1. Telescopes - astronomical

2.3.2. Terrestrial and Galilean

2.3.3. Prism binoculars

3.1. Sound

3.1.1. Damped vibrations

3.1.2. Forced oscillation

3.1.3. Resonances

3.1.4. Waves and wave motion

3.1.5. Transverse and longitudinal wave

3.1.6. Progressive waves

3.1.7. Principle of superposition

3.1.8. Stationary waves

3.1.9. Wave equation

3.1.10. Waves in pipes and strings

4.1. Capacitors (3)

4.1.1. Charging and discharging of a capacitor

4.1.2. Types of capacitors- Spherical and parallel plate capacitor

4.2. D.C. Circuits (3)

4.2.1. Current density, drift velocity

4.2.2. Ohm's law (Statement and verification)

4.2.3. Combination of resistors

4.2.4. Shunt and its principle

4.3. Heat and Power (4)

4.3.1. Electrical heating

4.3.2. Joule's law

4.3.3. Potential differences

4.3.4. E.M.F.

4.3.5. Electrical power

4.3.6. High tension transmission

4.3.7. Internal resistance of battery

4.3.8. Potentiometer

4.3.9. Wheatstone bridge and its principle
UNIT 5 MODERN PHYSICS (7)

5.1. Basic unit of charge particle.

5.2. Discharge of electricity through gas.

5.3. Cathode rays and it's properties.

5.4. Deflection in electric and magnetic field.

5.5. Nature and production of x-rays

5.6. Properties and uses of x-rays.

5.7 Radar

5.8 Radioactivity (, & r) rays, properties, half-life, mean life, Age of earth, radiation hazard.
UNIT 6 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS (10)

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Spectra of electromagnetic radiation (Definition)

6.1.2 Stratification of atmosphere

6.1.3 Ozone layer and its importance

6.1.4 Green house effect, its cause and control

6.1.5 Heat balance of earth

6.1.6 Atmospheric electricity (Introduction)

6.1.7 Lightening
PRACTICAL
1. Determining the focal length of a convex lens by u-v method.

2. Determining optically the angle of a given prism and the angle of minimum deviation by symmetry method, hence calculating the refractive index.

3. Verifying of Ohm's law.

4. Using a P.O. Box to determine the resistance of the given wire and hence calculate its resistivity.

5. Determination of Absorption coefficient of B. particle.

6. Determination of Frequency of A.C. mains by using a sonometer.

2. Properties of Physics by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam.

3. A Text Book of Physics II Part by S. K Gupta and J. M. Pradhan

4. Physics Practical Guide by U. P. Shreastha

5. A Text Book of Practical Physics by Prakash and Ramakrishna.

COURSE CODE: BSH 360 (F)

COURSE TITLE: CHEMISTRY FOR FORESTRY

FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: To understand organic chemistry and Bio –Molecules and their occurrence in nature.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:

1. Explain the preparation and properties of cyclic and aliphatic organic compounds and their uses

2. Understand the structure of bio-molecules

3. Understand structure and importance of resins, dyes, drugs, pesticides, herbicides & weedicides

1. 
   Alkane, alkene and alkynes
   

1.3 Properties and uses of methane, ethene and ethyne

2.1 Concept of mono, di, tri and poly halides

2.2 General methods of preparation of alkyl halides (at least three methods) and their properties

3. 
   Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of chloroform.
   

1. 
   Classification of alcohols
   
2. 
   Distinction between 1⁰, 2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols by Victor Meyer's method.
   

3.4 Test and uses of ethanol

1. 
   General methods of preparation of aldehydes & ketones (at least three methods)
   
2. 
   Chemical properties & uses of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone.
   
3. 
   Distinction between acetaldehyde and acetone.
   

5.1 Classification of acids

5.2 General methods of preparation of mono carboxylic acids (at least three methods)

5.3 Laboratory preparation of Formic acid

5.4 General properties and uses of formic acid & acetic acid.
UNIT 6 AMINES AND AMIDES (4)

6.1 Classification of amines, basicity of amines

6.2 Separation of mixture of amines by Hoffman's method

6.3 General methods of preparation of primary amine (at least three methods)

6.4 Structure and physiological importance of urea
UNIT 7 CYCLIC COMPOUNDS (6)

7.1 Cyclo-alkanes & their preparation (at least three methods)

7.2 Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of benzene, aniline, Nitrobenzene, phenol.
UNIT 8 MOLECULES OF LIFE (7)

8.1 Introduction, general structure and properties of carbohydrate, amino acids & proteins

2. 
   Role of carbohydrates in plant metabolism
   
3. 
   General idea about nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), Fatty acids (fats and oils), lipids
   

1. 
   Introduction, structure and importance of resins (natural and other than natural, dyes, drugs, pesticides, herbicides & weedicides.
   

10.1 General chemical concept and applications of Hormones and Enzymes

10.2 General structure, biological importance of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavanoids, and steroids.