Prison conditions
The Freedom House, “Freedom in the World Report 2008”, published in July 2008, noted that:
“The prison system in Brazil is anarchic, overcrowded, and largely unfit for human habitation. Over 400,000 people are incarcerated in Brazil, despite the official prison capacity of 234,000. Human rights groups charge that torture and other inhumane treatment common to most of the country’s detention centers turn petty thieves into hardened criminals.” [26a]
The USSD 2007 Report on Human Rights Practices stated:
“Rio de Janeiro and Sau Paulo states provided separate prison facilities for women; elsewhere, women were held with men in some facilities. Male officers who served in women’s prisons often abused and extorted the prisoners for sexual favors.”
The same report continued:
“Overcrowding, poor conditions, prisoner riots, drug abuse, and accusations of sexual abuse and torture, continued to pervade Sao Paulo’s juvenile detention system. There were no reports that the abuses and poor health and sanitary conditions in juvenile detention centers in Rio de Janeiro State improved.
“According to the Prosecutor’s Office for the Defense of Children and Youth, the police stations of the Federal District that deal with issues related to children and adolescents did not meet the requirements and recommendations established by the National Socio-Educational System and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent.” [2a](section 1c)
The Amnesty International 2008 Annual Report stated that:
“Severe overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions, gang violence and riots continued to blight the prison system. Ill-treatment and torture were commonplace.”
The same AI report continued:
“In August, 25 inmates were burned to death in the Ponte Nova in Minas Gerias after factional fighting.
“In Espirito Santo State, amid accusations of torture and ill-treatment, the government barred the State Human Rights Council, an officially mandated body which under state law has the power to monitor the prison system, from entering prison cells.
“More than 20 people died in the Anibal Bruno prison, Pernambuco State in 2007. The prison, which was chronically understaffed and housed more than three times the number of prisoners it was designed to hold, has long been the subject of allegations of torture and ill-treatment.” [11a]
The USSD 2007 Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Brazil
reported:
“In November in Abaetetuba, Para, a 15 year old girl was held for a month in a police cell with at least 20 men who repeatedly abused her sexually. Women’s rights groups stated that this was not an isolated case. The Para governor and the country’s president condemned police actions in this case. The National Justice Council began an investigation into possible negligence by the Para judicial system, and Congress created a committee to investigate prisons throughout the country. The girl and her father were placed in a witness protection program due to fears of retribution by police involved in the case.” [2a](section 1c)
Combating crime
The Amnesty International Annual Human Rights Report 2008, published in May 2008, recorded:
“Poor communities remained trapped between criminal gangs which dominated the areas in which they lived and the violent and discriminatory methods used by police. As a result, many living in such communities experienced entrenched social and economic deprivation.
“The federal and state governments’ responses to criminal violence were mixed. The federal government introduced the National and Public Security and Citizenship Programme (Programa Nacional de Seguranca Publica com Cidadania, PRONASCI) which focuses on crime prevention, social inclusion, rehabilitation of prisoners and improved salaries for police officers. However, despite extensive reports of human rights violations by police, President Lula and leading members of his administration publicly supported certain high-profile militarized police operations, especially in Rio de Janeiro.
“At state level, although some governments promised reform most state police forces continued to adopt violent, discriminatory and corrupt methods when combating and containing crime in poor communities with scant oversight or control. Nowhere was this more apparent than in Rio de Janeiro, where early promises of reform were abandoned and the state governor adopted an increasingly draconian and bellicose public stance on issues of security. The policy of large-scale militarized police operations was intensified at the cost of hundreds of lives. According to official figures, police killed at least 1,260 people in the state in 2007 – the highest total to date. All were officially categorized as ‘acts of resistance’ and underwent little or no serious investigation.” [11a]
The UN Special Rapporteur, from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in his report on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mission to Brazil 29 August 2008, stated that the country’s police were responsible for one out of every five killings in the country. [25c]
People trafficking
The USSD 2008 Report on Trafficking of People, published in June 2008, noted:
“The Government of Brazil does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. Over the past year, the government significantly increased efforts to rescue victims of slave labor through mobile inspection operations in the Amazon and remote locations, and also increased efforts to provide greater services for victims. At the same time, however, the government did not report any criminal investigations, prosecutions, convictions, or punishments of forced labor crimes and only limited investigation of sex trafficking crimes. A lack of government resources and dedicated personnel impeded Brazil’s ability to combat its trafficking problem, although the government committed to allocate more funding to anti-trafficking efforts in its recently instituted national work plan to combat trafficking in persons and forced labor.”
The same report added:
“The Brazilian Federal Police estimate that 250,000 children are exploited for prostitution, although NGOs put the number as high as 500,000. Between 25,000 to 100,000 men are subjected to slave labor within the country. Approximately half of the nearly 6,000 men freed from slave labor in 2007 were found exploited on plantations growing sugar cane for the production of ethanol, a growing trend. A large number of Brazilian women and girls are trafficked for sexual exploitation to destinations in South America, the Caribbean, Western Europe, Japan, the United States, and the Middle East.” [2d]
Return to Contents
Go to List of Sources
Index to key source documents
Key facts and geography
|
[2a]
[2c]
[4a]
[7a]
[10]
[17]
[30]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil,11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Background Note: Brazil, last updated January 2009
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Brazil, last reviewed January 2009
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/south-america/brazil?profile=all
BBC, Country Profile: Brazil, last updated on 4 December 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1227110.stm
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Factbook: Brazil, last updated on 18 December 2008 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Brazil Country Profile, UNDP (accessed on 4 November 2008)
http://www.undp.org/povertyreport/ENGLISH/ARprofil.pdf
Department for International Development (DfID), Country Profile, Brazil, updated 17 November 2004 http://www.dfid.gov.uk/countries/caribbean/brazil.asp
|
Map
|
[19]
|
Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection, map of Brazil http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/brazil_rel94.pdf
|
History
|
[2a]
[2c]
[4a]
[7a]
[7b]
[26]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Background Note: Brazil, last updated January 2009
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Brazil (last reviewed January 2009)
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/south-america/brazil?profile=all
BBC Country Profile: Brazil, last updated on 4 December 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1227110.stm
BBC Timeline: Brazil, last updated on 4 December 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1231075.stm
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008 http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Politics and recent developments
Politics and recent developments
contd.
|
[2a]
[2c]
[4a]
[5a]
[7a]
[7b]
[7c]
[7d]
[7e]
[7f]
[7g]
[11a]
[16a]
[16b]
[26a]
[38b]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Background Note: Brazil, last updated January 2009
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Brazil, last reviewed January 2009
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/south-america/brazil?profile=all
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008 http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
BBC Country Profile: Brazil, last updated on 4 December 2008
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1227110.stm
BBC Timeline: Brazil, last updated on 4 December 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1231075.stm
BBC News, ‘Brazil foresees population slump’, 9 October 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7660413.stm
BBC News, ‘Lula setback in Brazil city poll’, 27 October 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7691688.stm
BBC News, ‘Brazil oil boom ‘to end poverty’’, 8 September 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7603655.stm
BBC News, ‘Flood deaths in Brazil rise to 84’, 25 November 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7747456.stm
BBC News, ‘Latin America tops murder tables’, 26 November 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7750054.stm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
International Crisis Group, Latin American Drugs 1: Losing the Fight, 14 March 2008 http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/latin_america/25_latin_american_drugs_i_losing_the_fight_final.pdf
International Crisis Group, Latin American Drugs II: Improving Policy and Reducing Harm, 14 March 2008 http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/latin_america/_latin_american_drugs_ii__improving_policy_and_reducing_harm_final.pdf
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada – Responses to Information Requests, 14 November 2007, Brazil: Organized crime, including street gangs; state response to combat organized crime in Rio de Janeiro and Sau Paulo (January 2005 – October 2007) http://www.irb- cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451554
|
Human Rights - general
Human Rights
- general contd.
|
[2a]
[3]
[4a]
[4b]
[5a]
[5b]
[5c]
[11a]
[22]
[25b]
[25c]
[26a]
[33]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
The Constitution of Brazil adopted on 5 October 1988 http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/br00000_.html
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Brazil, last reviewed January 2009
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/south-america/brazil?profile=all
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Human Rights Annual Report 2007, March 2008 http://www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/human-rights-report-2007
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Human Rights Watch, Universal Periodic Review, HRW’s Submission to the UN Human Rights Council, 7 April 2008 http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/04/10/global18497.htm
Human Rights Watch, Brazil: Report on Past Atrocities a Key Step Forward, 31 August 2007 http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/08/31/brazil16783.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) – Steadfast in Protest, Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders Annual Report 2007, 19 June 2008 http://www.omct.org/pdf/Observatory/2008/annual_report_2007/splitted/report2007obs_eng_americas.pdf?PHPSESSID=68d7bb5ed4affdfbded85825d33690f6
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN General Assembly Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review for Brazil, 22 May 2008 http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session1/BR/A_HRC_8_27_Brazil_E.pdf
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) – Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Mission to Brazil, 29 August 2008 http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/executions/docs/A_HRC_11_2_Add_2_English.pdf
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Annual Report 2007: Buenos Aires (regional), 27 May 2008 http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/7EUF2M/$FILE/icrc_ar_07_buenos_aires.pdf?OpenElement
|
Human Rights – specific issues:
(In addition to general reports above, information on the following issues is provided in the documents listed below)
|
Abuses by non-government armed forces
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Arrest and detention – legal rights
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Children
|
[2a]
[2d]
[5a]
[11a]
[15]
[26a]
[29]
[32]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, 4 June 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/105387.htm
Human Rights Watch, World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Global Report 2008: Brazil http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/content/brazil
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), At a glance: Brazil (accessed on 4 November 2008)
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/brazil.html
US Department of Labor, 2007 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor-Brazil, published 27 August 2008 http://www.dol.gov/ilab/programs/ocft/PDF/2007OCFTreport.pdf
|
Citizenship and nationality
|
[2f]
[27]
|
US State Department travel advice agency, Brazil visa recipricocity schedule http://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/reciprocity/reciprocity_3521.html
Citizenship Laws of the World – Brazil, produced 2000/2001 by the Office of Personnel Government, US Government http://www.multiplecitizenship.com/wscl/ws_BRAZIL.html
|
Corruption
|
[2a]
[26a]
[35]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2008 http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2008
|
Death penalty
|
[11c]
|
Amnesty International, Abolitionist and Retentionist countries http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries
|
Disability
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Employment rights
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Ethnic groups
|
[2a]
[2c]
[4a]
[10]
[11d]
[21a]
[21b]
[36a]
[36b]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Background Note: Brazil, last updated January 2009
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm
Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Brazil (last reviewed January 2009)
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/south-america/brazil?profile=all
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Factbook : Brazil (last updated on 18 December 2008 )
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Amnesty International, Supreme Court Vindicates Indigenous Land Rights, 12 December 2008 http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/brazil-supreme-court-vindicates-indigenous-land-rights-20081212
Minority Rights Group International, Brazil Overview http://www.minorityrights.org/5289/brazil/brazil-overview.html
State of the World’s Minorities 2008, published 11 March 2008 http://www.minorityrights.org/6138/state-of-the-worlds-minorities/state-of-the-worlds-minorities-2008.html
Minorities at Risk, Assessment for Afro-Brazilians in Brazil, last updated 31 December 2003 http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=14001
Minorities at Risk, Assessment for Amazonian Indians in Brazil, last updated 31 December 2003 http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=14002
|
Foreign refugees
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Freedom of movement
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Freedom of religion
|
[2a]
[2b]
[5a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Brazil, 19 September 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108516.htm
Human Rights Watch World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Freedom House Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Freedom of speech and media
|
[2a]
[5a]
[9]
[14]
[26b]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Attacks on the Press: 2007, 5 February 2008 http://www.cpj.org/2008/02/attacks-on-the-press-2007-brazil.php
Reporters sans Frontieres (Reporters without Borders): Annual Report 2008: Brazil
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25554&Valider=OK
Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2007: Brazil,
29 April 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2008
|
Human rights institutions, organisations and activists
|
[2a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil,
2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Humanitarian issues
|
[2a]
[11a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
|
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
|
[2a]
[5a]
[11a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
|
Judiciary
|
[2a]
[2c]
[5a]
[11a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Background Note: Brazil, last updated January 2009
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35640.htm
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil, 2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons
|
[24]
[28]
[31]
[38d]
|
Gaytimes: Lesbian and Gay Brazil, accessed 3 November 2008 http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/Hotspots/GayGuide-action-Country-countryid-216.html
Gay City News, ‘”President of Brazil: Homophobia is a ‘perverse disease’ ’’, 19 June 2008 http://www.gaycitynews.com/site/index.cfm?newsid=19787654&BRD=2729&PAG=461&dept_id=568864&rfi=8
GlobalGayz, Gay Brazil News and Reports 2008 (accessed 6 November 2008) http://www.globalgayz.com/brazil-news08-01.html
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Responses to Information Requests, 3 September 2008, ‘Brazil: The situation of homosexuals; availability of support groups and state protection’ http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=452051
|
Medical issues
|
[12]
[18a]
[18b]
[13]
|
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Country Profile: Brazil http://www.unaids.org/en/CountryResponses/Countries/brazil.asp
World Health Organisation (WHO), Mental Health Atlas 2005, Country Profiles: Brazil (accessed 4 November 2008)
http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/profiles_countries_a_b.pdf
World Health Organisation (WHO), Country Profile: Brazil (accessed on 4 November 2008) http://www.who.int/countries/bra/en/
Pan American Health Organisation – Brazil representation http://translate.google.com/translate?sourceid=navclient-menuext&hl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eopas%2Eorg%2Ebr%2F
|
Military service
|
[2a]
[3]
[15]
[23]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
The Constitution of Brazil, adopted on 5 October 1988 http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/br00000_.html
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Global Report 2008: Brazil http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/content/brazil
War Resisters’ International (WRI), Brazil: Refusing to Bear Arms, 6 May 1998
http://www.wri-irg.org/co/rtba/brazil.htm
|
Political affiliation
|
[2a]
[11a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil,
2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Prison conditions
|
[2a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil,
2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Security forces
|
[2a]
[5a]
[11a]
[26a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2008: Brazil,
31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008: Brazil,
2 July 2008
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7359
|
Security situation
|
[2a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
|
Terrorism
|
[2a]
[2e]
[5a]
[11a]
|
United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2007: Brazil, 30 April 2008
http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2007/103710.htm
Human Rights Watch (HRW) World Report 2008: Brazil, 31 January 2008
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k8/docs/2008/01/31/brazil17765.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008 http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
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Trafficking
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[2a]
[2d]
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United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, 4 June 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/105387.htm
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Women
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[2a]
[2d]
[11a]
[11b]
[25a]
[38c]
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United States Department of State, Report on Human Rights Practices – 2007: Brazil, 11 March 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100630.htm
United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, 4 June 2008
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2008/105387.htm
Amnesty International (AI) report 2008: Brazil, covering events from January to December 2007, 28 May 2008
http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/regions/americas/brazil
Amnesty International, ‘Picking up the Pieces – Women’s experience of urban violence in Brazil, April 2008
http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/BrazilReport08.pdf
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) Concluding Observations, 10 August 2007 http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N07/460/25/PDF/N0746025.pdf?OpenElement
Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Responses to Information Requests, 25 November 2008, Brazil: Domestic Violence, including information on the Maria da Penha law on domestic and family violence and its implementation (2006 – October 2008) http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=452128
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