SM Table 1: Biochemical composition of the plant materials used in the calibration and validation datasets, measured from stepwise chemical digestion analysis, NDS: neutral detergent soluble, Hemi: hemi-cellulose, Cell: cellulose. GL: green leaves, SP: spikes and pods, and WP: whole aboveground plant.
|
|
Carbon ( mg C g-1 DM)
|
|
Nitrogen ( mg N g-1 DM)
|
|
|
Common name
|
Latin name
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
C/N ratio
|
Alfalfa GL
|
Medicago sativa
|
189
|
47
|
150
|
61
|
447
|
|
20
|
0.3
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
22
|
|
20
|
Barley GL
|
Hordeum vulgare distichon
|
106
|
141
|
152
|
15
|
413
|
|
15
|
2.5
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
18
|
|
23
|
Barley spikes
|
Hordeum vulgare distichon
|
307
|
84
|
32
|
2
|
425
|
|
12
|
1.1
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
13
|
|
32
|
Barley straw
|
Hordeum vulgare distichon
|
73
|
163
|
194
|
20
|
450
|
|
3
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
5
|
|
92
|
Broad bean WP
|
Vicia faba
|
157
|
45
|
193
|
56
|
451
|
|
11
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
15
|
|
31
|
Cabbage GL
|
Brassica oleraceae
|
330
|
21
|
46
|
0
|
397
|
|
14
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
14
|
|
27
|
Carrot GL
|
Daucus carota
|
330
|
23
|
57
|
13
|
423
|
|
23
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
0.3
|
25
|
|
17
|
Cock's foot stem
|
Dactylis glomerata
|
147
|
132
|
145
|
11
|
434
|
|
6
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
8
|
|
56
|
Cock's foot WP
|
Dactylis glomerata
|
178
|
115
|
134
|
7
|
434
|
|
18
|
4.1
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
23
|
|
19
|
Crimson clover flower
|
Trifolium incarnatum
|
265
|
74
|
102
|
34
|
476
|
|
32
|
3.0
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
36
|
|
13
|
Crimson clover GL
|
Trifolium incarnatum
|
350
|
39
|
58
|
7
|
454
|
|
35
|
1.9
|
0.8
|
0.2
|
38
|
|
12
|
Egyptian clover WP
|
Trifolium alexandrinum
|
301
|
42
|
100
|
17
|
460
|
|
25
|
2.1
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
29
|
|
16
|
Elephant grass WP
|
Miscanthus gigantus
|
116
|
122
|
206
|
20
|
463
|
|
2
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
3
|
|
173
|
Flax fibers
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
126
|
54
|
220
|
62
|
462
|
|
9
|
0.1
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
10
|
|
46
|
Flax GL
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
315
|
49
|
64
|
36
|
463
|
|
18
|
2.2
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
21
|
|
22
|
Flax oil
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
249
|
62
|
138
|
59
|
508
|
|
14
|
0.2
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
16
|
|
32
|
Flax stem 1
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
175
|
51
|
235
|
83
|
544
|
|
11
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
1.0
|
13
|
|
42
|
Flax stem 2
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
98
|
71
|
192
|
90
|
452
|
|
5
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
6
|
|
74
|
Flax stem 3
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
98
|
55
|
203
|
104
|
460
|
|
3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
3
|
|
133
|
Flax WP
|
Linum usitatissimum
|
185
|
63
|
182
|
57
|
487
|
|
7
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.5
|
9
|
|
53
|
Hemp GL
|
Cannabis sativa
|
358
|
14
|
74
|
20
|
465
|
|
30
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
33
|
|
14
|
Hemp stem
|
Cannabis sativa
|
89
|
61
|
265
|
65
|
480
|
|
3
|
0.1
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
5
|
|
106
|
Hemp straw
|
Cannabis sativa
|
127
|
50
|
225
|
47
|
449
|
|
3
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
4
|
|
107
|
Leek GL
|
Allium porri
|
325
|
17
|
69
|
9
|
420
|
|
35
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
0.2
|
36
|
|
12
|
Maize GL
|
Zea mays
|
188
|
149
|
120
|
3
|
460
|
|
16
|
7.9
|
0.4
|
0.1
|
25
|
|
19
|
Maize spikes
|
Zea mays
|
396
|
58
|
31
|
0
|
485
|
|
16
|
1.0
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
17
|
|
29
|
Maize stem 1
|
Zea mays
|
178
|
123
|
139
|
9
|
450
|
|
9
|
0.8
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
10
|
|
44
|
Maize stem 2
|
Zea mays
|
161
|
124
|
144
|
7
|
437
|
|
12
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
14
|
|
32
|
Maize stem 3
|
Zea mays
|
147
|
166
|
142
|
1
|
455
|
|
6
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
0.0
|
8
|
|
57
|
Maize WP
|
Zea mays
|
142
|
165
|
147
|
4
|
458
|
|
5
|
1.6
|
0.8
|
0.2
|
7
|
|
62
|
Oil radish GL
|
Raphanus sativus
|
277
|
9
|
99
|
4
|
389
|
|
35
|
1.7
|
1.3
|
0.1
|
38
|
|
10
|
Onion GL
|
Allium cepa
|
332
|
28
|
90
|
17
|
467
|
|
16
|
2.7
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
20
|
|
23
|
Pea WP 1
|
Pisum sativum
|
115
|
81
|
206
|
54
|
457
|
|
6
|
0.1
|
1.0
|
0.8
|
8
|
|
56
|
Pea WP 2
|
Pisum sativum
|
126
|
93
|
214
|
51
|
484
|
|
5
|
0.6
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
7
|
|
72
|
Persian clover WP
|
Trifolium resupinatum
|
239
|
43
|
117
|
50
|
449
|
|
17
|
1.0
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
19
|
|
24
|
Phacelia GL
|
Phacelia tenacetifolia
|
310
|
39
|
61
|
11
|
420
|
|
28
|
2.2
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
32
|
|
13
|
Rape GL
|
Brassica napus oleifera
|
329
|
19
|
57
|
0
|
405
|
|
48
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
0.0
|
50
|
|
8
|
Rape spikes
|
Brassica napus oleifera
|
271
|
51
|
163
|
50
|
534
|
|
5
|
0.3
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
7
|
|
80
|
Rape stem 1
|
Brassica napus oleifera
|
107
|
76
|
222
|
52
|
458
|
|
2
|
0.6
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
4
|
|
128
|
Rape WP
|
Brassica napus oleifera
|
348
|
25
|
76
|
7
|
457
|
|
49
|
1.1
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
50
|
|
9
|
Common name
|
Latin name
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
C/N ratio
|
Red clover GL
|
Trifolium pratense
|
325
|
42
|
70
|
12
|
449
|
|
33
|
5.7
|
1.4
|
0.8
|
41
|
|
11
|
Red clover stem
|
Trifolium pratense
|
203
|
45
|
159
|
34
|
442
|
|
13
|
0.5
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
15
|
|
30
|
Ribbed melilot WP
|
Melilotus officinalis
|
247
|
20
|
147
|
36
|
449
|
|
16
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
17
|
|
26
|
Sugar beet GL 1
|
Beta vulgaris
|
294
|
51
|
47
|
6
|
398
|
|
21
|
3.5
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
25
|
|
16
|
Sunflower straw
|
Helianthus annuus
|
100
|
40
|
243
|
63
|
446
|
|
4
|
0.5
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
6
|
|
76
|
Turnip rape GL
|
Brassica rapa oleifera
|
326
|
38
|
40
|
4
|
408
|
|
53
|
4.6
|
0.8
|
0.2
|
59
|
|
7
|
Turnip rape straw
|
Brassica rapa oleifera
|
89
|
75
|
214
|
75
|
454
|
|
8
|
0.2
|
1.1
|
0.9
|
11
|
|
43
|
WW ryegrass WP 1
|
Lolium multiflorum
|
173
|
113
|
143
|
14
|
444
|
|
9
|
0.9
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
10
|
|
44
|
Wheat GL 1
|
Triticum aestivum
|
137
|
137
|
166
|
13
|
454
|
|
7
|
1.4
|
1
|
0.3
|
10
|
|
135
|
Wheat GL 2
|
Triticum aestivum
|
43
|
205
|
161
|
15
|
423
|
|
2
|
0.6
|
0
|
0.3
|
3
|
|
123
|
Wheat spikes 1
|
Triticum aestivum
|
266
|
96
|
78
|
8
|
449
|
|
12
|
1.2
|
0
|
0.2
|
14
|
|
32
|
Wheat spikes 2
|
Triticum aestivum
|
316
|
73
|
52
|
5
|
446
|
|
12
|
1.1
|
0
|
0.1
|
14
|
|
33
|
Wheat stem 1
|
Triticum aestivum
|
190
|
111
|
131
|
20
|
452
|
|
5
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.2
|
8
|
|
59
|
Wheat stem 2
|
Triticum aestivum
|
112
|
161
|
182
|
40
|
495
|
|
1
|
0.2
|
0
|
0.2
|
2
|
|
227
|
Wheat stem 3
|
Triticum aestivum
|
176
|
128
|
133
|
34
|
472
|
|
7
|
0.5
|
0
|
0.2
|
8
|
|
60
|
Wheat stem 4
|
Triticum aestivum
|
215
|
102
|
124
|
12
|
453
|
|
2
|
0.2
|
0
|
0.1
|
3
|
|
165
|
Wheat stem 5
|
Triticum aestivum
|
77
|
148
|
216
|
25
|
467
|
|
3
|
0.2
|
0
|
0.3
|
3
|
|
135
|
White clover WP 1
|
Trifolium repens
|
334
|
24
|
68
|
25
|
450
|
|
35
|
5.0
|
4.7
|
0.5
|
45
|
|
10
|
Winter rye GL
|
Secale cereale
|
240
|
84
|
98
|
11
|
433
|
|
46
|
5.7
|
1.5
|
0.6
|
54
|
|
8
|
Yellow lupine GL
|
Lupinus luteus
|
281
|
60
|
90
|
14
|
445
|
|
35.5
|
1.7
|
1.1
|
0.6
|
39
|
|
11
|
Yellow mustard straw
|
Sinapis alba
|
116
|
101
|
185
|
66
|
467
|
|
4
|
0.1
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
6
|
|
84
|
Validation data
|
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
NDS
|
Hemi
|
Cell
|
Lignin
|
Total
|
|
C/N ratio
|
Barley stem 1
|
Hordeum vulgare distichon
|
126
|
124
|
160
|
21
|
430
|
|
4.6
|
0.9
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
6
|
|
73
|
Barley stem 2
|
Hordeum vulgare distichon
|
75
|
155
|
208
|
35
|
473
|
|
1.9
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
3
|
|
161
|
Maize stem 4
|
Zea mays
|
184
|
113
|
142
|
8
|
447
|
|
2.9
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
4
|
|
128
|
Meadow foxtail WP
|
Alopecurus pratensis
|
126
|
142
|
144
|
11
|
423
|
|
6.1
|
1.7
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
8
|
|
51
|
Nootka lupine GL
|
Lupinus nootkatensis
|
243
|
47
|
134
|
30
|
454
|
|
16.2
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
20
|
|
23
|
Oats WP
|
Avena sativa
|
210
|
106
|
123
|
10
|
449
|
|
5.7
|
0.5
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
6
|
|
71
|
Rape stem 2
|
Brassica napus oleifera
|
123
|
76
|
220
|
48
|
467
|
|
8.2
|
0.1
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
10
|
|
48
|
Red clover WP
|
Trifolium pratense
|
264
|
31
|
122
|
30
|
447
|
|
15.6
|
0.4
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
18
|
|
25
|
Red fescue straw
|
Festuca rubra
|
107
|
145
|
158
|
23
|
432
|
|
8.5
|
1.2
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
10
|
|
42
|
S. meadow grass straw
|
Poa pratensis
|
133
|
144
|
137
|
12
|
426
|
|
9.6
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
12
|
|
36
|
Sugar beet GL 2
|
Beta vulgaris
|
276
|
47
|
53
|
3
|
378
|
|
15.5
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
17
|
|
22
|
Swede WP
|
Brassica napus
|
148
|
61
|
189
|
44
|
442
|
|
10.2
|
0.0
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
12
|
|
38
|
WW ryegrass WP 2
|
Lolium multiflorum
|
192
|
99
|
120
|
9
|
420
|
|
11.9
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
14
|
|
31
|
White clover WP 2
|
Trifolium repens
|
334
|
24
|
68
|
25
|
450
|
|
34.6
|
5.0
|
4.7
|
0.5
|
45
|
|
10
|
Yellow lupine stem
|
Lupinus luteus
|
186
|
38
|
179
|
39
|
442
|
|
11.8
|
0.4
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
14
|
|
32
| |