B. Syllabi of Courses B. 1 Syllabi of Required Engineering Courses

1. Solve simple probability problems with electrical and computer engineering applications using the basic axioms of probability [a, e]

2. Describe the fundamental properties of probability density functions with applications to single and multivariate random variables [a, b2, e]

3. Describe the functional characteristics of probability density functions frequently encountered in electrical and computer engineering such as the Binomial, Uniform, Gaussian and Poisson [a, b2]

4. Determine the first through fourth moments of any probability density function using the moment generating function [a, e]

5. Calculate confidence intervals and levels of statistical significance using fundamental measures of expectation and variance for a given numerical data set [b2]

6. Discern between random variables and random processes for given mathematical functions and numerical data sets [a, b2]

7. Determine the power spectral density of a random process for given mathematical functions and numerical data sets [a, b2]

8. Determine whether a random process is ergodic or nonergodic and demonstrate an ability to quantify the level of correlation between sets of random processes for given mathematical functions and numerical data sets [a, b2]

9. Model complex families of signals by means of random processes [a]

10. Determine the random process model for the output of a linear system when the system and input random process models are known [a, c, e]
Topics:

1. 
   Introduction, applications of probability, relative-frequency approach, review of set theory (2 periods)
   
2. 
   Axiomatic approach, conditional probability, independence (2 periods)
   

4. Mean values and moments, Gaussian random variables, density functions related to Gaussian (2 periods)

5. Other density functions, conditional density functions, applications (2 periods)

6. Applications, test, joint distributions (2 periods)

7. Conditional probability, independence, covariance, sums of random variables (2 periods)

8. Random process definitions, examples of random processes, measurement of random processes (2 periods)

9. Correlation functions, properties of correlation functions, measurement of correlation functions (2 periods)

10. Cross-correlation functions, applications, test (2 periods)

11. Spectral density, properties of spectral density, mean-square values from spectral density (2 periods)

12. Sampling and estimation theory; point and interval estimation (2 periods)

13. Sampling distributions, estimation of means and variances (2 periods)

14. Hypothesis testing and goodness-of-fit test (2 periods)

Mechanical design of organisms, with emphasis on the mechanics of the musculoskeletal system. Selected topics in prosthesis design and biomaterials; emphasis on the unique biological criteria that must be considered in biomechanical engineering design.

1. 
   Construct free body diagrams and calculate forces on human joints [e]
   
2. 
   Explain the role of remodeling in repair and replacement of bone [a4]
   
3. 
   Apply failure criteria to determine when solid material or bone will fail [a4]
   
4. 
   Be able to calculate stress and strain from elasticity equations for orthotropic or transversely isotropic materials [a4, e]
   
5. 
   Be able to calculate principal stresses and strains for anisotropic materials [a4, e]
   
6. 
   Explain the concept of mechanical adaptation of biological tissues [j, k3]
   
7. 
   Apply biological adaptation strategies to engineering applications [c1]
   
8. 
   Apply viscoelasticity models to explain mechanical properties of ligament and tendon [a4]
   
9. 
   Explain the compressive mechanics of cartilage based upon biochemical composition [j]
   
10. 
    Explain tissue engineering in terms of cellular biomechanics and biology [j]
    
11. 
    Apply the basic mechanics of muscles to explain muscle function [g, j]
    
12. 
    Apply mechanics of material to derive criteria for orthopaedic implant design [a4, h]
    

1. 
   Tissue engineering of cartilage (2 periods)
   
2. 
   Nature of viscoelasticity in biphasic materials and mechanics of cartilage (2 periods)
   
3. 
   Bone biology and structure (2 periods)
   
4. 
   Bone mechanotransduction and fundamentals of bone biomechanics. Basic theory of elasticity (4 periods)
   
5. 
   Criteria for yielding including Tsai-Wu criterion (1 period).
   
6. 
   Computer aided optimization and skeletal scaling (2 periods).
   
7. 
   Muscle physiology (2 periods).
   
8. 
   Muscle mechanics (1 period).
   
9. 
   Tendons and Ligaments (2 periods)
   
10. 
    Mechanics of human motion (2 periods)
    
11. 
    Statically determinant systems (1 period)
    
12. 
    Statically indeterminant systems (1 period)
    
13. 
    Orthopedic prosthesis design (2 periods).
    

Rankine cycle analysis, fossil-fuel steam generators, energy balances, fans, pumps, cooling towers, steam turbines, availability (second law) analysis of power systems, energy management systems, and rate analysis.

1. 
   Discuss the energy resources and energy conversion methods available for the production of electric power in the US and the world [j]
   
2. 
   Discuss the market factors, regulatory factors, and environmental concerns that have impact on the production of electric power [j]
   
3. 
   Determine the efficiency and output of a modern Rankine cycle steam power plant from given data, including superheat, reheat, regeneration, and all irreversibilities [a4]
   
4. 
   Calculate the water circulation rate, the fan power consumption, flame temperatures and combustion stoichiometry of conventional steam generators. [a4]
   
5. 
   Calculate the tube surface requirement for condensers and feed water heaters, and the power output of impulse and reaction turbine stages [a4]
   
6. 
   Calculate the performance of gas turbines, including reheat and regeneration, and discuss the use and performance of combined cycle power plants and geothermal power plants [a4]
   
7. 
   Explain the major types of hydro-power turbines and estimate power plant output [a4]
   
8. 
   Explain the principles of operation of thermal-fission and fast-breeder nuclear reactors and power plants, including pressurized-water, boiling-water, and heavy-water reactors [a4]
   
9. 
   Discuss the power potential and challenges of non-conventional power plants and energy conversion systems, such as fuel-cell, wind, solar, and ocean thermal power plants [e]
   
10. 
    Describe the methods of control of major pollutants from fossil-fuel power plants [h]
    
11. 
    Discuss the environmental impact of electric power production on air quality, climate change, marine and aquatic ecology, and land use [h]
    

1. 
   Introduction to Power Engineering (1 period)
   
2. 
   Basics of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics (2 periods)
   
3. 
   The Rankine Cycle (3 periods)
   
4. 
   Fossil-Fuel Steam Generators (2 periods)
   
5. 
   Fuels and Combustion (3 periods)
   
6. 
   Condensers, Feed Water Heaters, and Cooling Water Systems (3 periods)
   
7. 
   Steam Turbines (2 periods)
   
8. 
   Gas Turbines (2 periods)
   
9. 
   Hydro Power (1 periods)
   
10. 
    Nuclear Power (3 periods)
    
11. 
    Fuel Cells & IC Engines (2 periods)
    
12. 
    Other Energy Sources and Conversions (2 periods)
    
13. 
    Pollution Control (1 periods)
    
14. 
    Tests and Design Project Presentation (3 periods)
    

Unified treatment of principles underlying fluid mechanic design of hydraulic pumps, turbines, and gas compressors. Similarity and scaling laws. Cavitation. Analysis of radial and axial flow machines. Blade element performance. Radial equilibrium theory. Centrifugal pump design, Axial compressor design.

1. 
   Be able to give precise definition of turbomachinery [a4]
   
2. 
   Identify various types of turbomachinery [a4]
   
3. 
   Perform thermal cycle analysis on gas-turbine engines [a4]
   
4. 
   Perform fluid dynamic analysis of diffusers [a4]
   
5. 
   Apply the Euler's equation for turbomachinery to analyze energy transfer in turbomachines [a4]
   
6. 
   Apply three-dimensional velocity diagrams to turbomachinary analysis. [a4]
   
7. 
   Design axial-flow turbines and compressors [c, a4]
   
8. 
   Design radial-flow turbomachines [e, a4]
   
9. 
   Compute efficiencies of various turbomachines [a4, g]
   

1. 
   Introduction: Definition and types of Turbomachines (1 period)
   
2. 
   Review of Thermodynamics (2 periods)
   
3. 
   Basic Concepts of Gas Turbines and Cycle Analysis (4 periods)
   
   1. 
      Efficiency
      
   2. 
      Turbojets and Turbofans
      
   3. 
      Qualitative Analysis
      
   4. 
      Compressor and Turbine Analysis
      
4. 
   Non-rotating Components (5 periods)
   
   1. 
      Summary of Gas Dynamics
      
   2. 
      Diffusers
      
   3. 
      Nozzles
      
   4. 
      Combustors
      
5. 
   Compressors (6 periods)
   
   1. 
      Energy exchange, Rotor to Fluid
      
   2. 
      The Euler Equation
      
   3. 
      Stage Temperature Ratio
      
   4. 
      Compressor Geometry and the Flow Pattern
      
   5. 
      Subsonic Blading
      
   6. 
      The Loss Factor and Efficiency
      
   7. 
      Limits on Stage Pressure Ratio
      
   8. 
      Stage Performance
      
   9. 
      Multistage Compressors
      
   10. 
       Centrifugal Compressors
       
6. 
   Turbines (6 periods)
   
   1. 
      Turbine Stage Characteristics
      
   2. 
      Degree of Reactions, Pressure Ratio
      
   3. 
      Turbine Blading
      
   4. 
      Turbine Cooling
      
   5. 
      Turbine Efficiency
      
   6. 
      Turbine Similarity
      
7. 
   Pumps and Fans (4 periods)
   

Introduction to computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) theory and applications. Topics include CAD/CAM systems (Hardware and Software), Geometric modeling using curves, surfaces and solids, CAD/CAM data exchange, CAD and CAM integration, Mechanical assembly, Mechanical Tolerancing, Mass property calculations, Process planning and Tool path generation, integration of CAD/CAM with the production machine, and Computer control of machines and processes in manufacturing systems. Projects will focus on development of geometric procedures for design and manufacturing applications and the use of commercial CAD/CAM software for automating the production cycle. Applications will include NC machining, design of (optimum) cutting tools and modeling and design of fixtures for dies and molds. Hands-on experience is attained through laboratory experiment.

1. 
   Design and model using CAD tools [c, k]
   
2. 
   Automatically generate process plans using CAM tools [c, k]
   
3. 
   Effectively and intelligently use the state-of-art CAD/CAM technology [k]
   
4. 
   Automatically produce manufacturing information needed to drive CNC machines and Rapid prototyping machines [k]
   
5. 
   Implement CAD/CAM-based product development process [c]
   
6. 
   Use a manufacturing set-up integrated with CAD/CAM for automated production [c, k]
   
7. 
   Explain the benefits of CAD/CAM, the different uses of the technology, and the advantage of a comprehensive and integrated and integrated CAD/CAM system [k]
   
8. 
   Explain the concepts and underlying theory of modeling and the usage of models in the different engineering applications [k]
   
9. 
   Compare the different types of modeling techniques and explain the advantages of Solid modeling technique and the central role of solid models in the CAD/CAM-based product development process [c]
   

1. 
   CAD/CAM definition (1 period)
   
2. 
   CAD/CAM systems: Hardware and Software (1 period)
   
3. 
   Introducing a CAD/CAM software for the course (2 class)
   
4. 
   Geometric modeling using curves (1 period)
   
5. 
   Geometric modeling using surfaces (1 period)
   
6. 
   Geometric modeling using solids (3 periods)
   
7. 
   CAD/CAM data exchange (1 period)
   
8. 
   Graphics concept (2 periods)
   
9. 
   Interactive computer programming (1 period)
   
10. 
    Extending the functionality of an existing CAD/CAM system (2 periods)
    
11. 
    CAD and CAM integration (1 period)
    
12. 
    Mechanical assembly (1 period)
    
13. 
    Mechanical Tolerancing (1 period)
    
14. 
    Mass property calculations (1 period)
    
15. 
    Finite element modeling using different modeling techniques (1 period)
    
16. 
    Manufacturing systems and processes (1class)
    
17. 
    Process planning (1 period)
    
18. 
    Machining (2 periods)
    
19. 
    Tool path generation (1 period)
    
20. 
    Computer control of machines and processes in manufacturing systems (1 period)
    
21. 
    Integration of CAD/CAM with the production machine (1 period)
    
22. 
    Case study: Enhanced CAD/CAM for machining process simulation and optimization (2 periods)
    

Introduction to the use of finite element methods for analysis and design. Applications involving stress analysis and heat transfer of solids. The use of existing software and hardware for computer-aided engineering.

1. 
   Use the finite element method as a simulation/modeling tool for design [k2]
   
2. 
   Use the finite element method for stress analysis and design of load carrying structures [k1]
   
3. 
   Use the finite element method for heat transfer analysis of solids [k1]
   
4. 
   Use commercial finite element codes competently for most analysis and design problems [e]
   
5. 
   Create geometry and models for 2D and 3D systems [k2]
   
6. 
   Evaluate the accuracy of results obtained from finite element codes [a4]
   
7. 
   Make checks to verify the accuracy of the finite element solutions [a4]
   
8. 
   Write project reports describing and evaluating the obtained results [g]
   
9. 
   Give oral presentation of their projects [g]
   

1. 
   Finite element formulation via direct methods (5 periods)
   
2. 
   Finite element formulation via minimum potential energy principle (5 periods)
   
3. 
   Stress Analysis-bars, trusses; beams, frames; plates, shells, and 2D/3D solids (18 periods)
   
4. 
   Heat Transfer Analysis of Solids-bars and 2D/3D solids (5 periods)
   
5. 
   Dynamic problems (5 periods)
   
6. 
   Applications using ANSYS
   

Basic concepts of fiber reinforced composites, manufacturing, mechanics and analysis of composite laminates and their application to engineering design are discussed.

1. 
   Explain the concept of composite materials [a4]
   
2. 
   Differentiate metallic versus composite materials [a4]
   
3. 
   Compare the mechanical properties of composite materials to the metallic materials [a4]
   
4. 
   Predict the composite properties at micro-level [a4]
   
5. 
   Explain different manufacturing techniques for composites [a4]
   
6. 
   Analyze fiber-reinforced composites for stresses and deformations [a4, k1]
   
7. 
   Design composite members for stiffness and strength [a4]
   
8. 
   Predict failure in composite members [a4]
   
9. 
   Work in a group or individual setting and write a report [g]
   
10. 
    Explain the advantages of composites over metals [a4]
    

1. 
   Introduction: Overview of composite materials (1 period)
   
2. 
   Materials: Fibers and Matrix (2 periods)
   
3. 
   Mechanics: Lamina, laminated structure (9 periods)
   
4. 
   Performance: Static mechanical properties, fatigue and fracture (8 periods)
   
5. 
   Manufacturing: Molding, filament winding, poltrusion (4 periods)
   
6. 
   Design: Laminate design, applications/examples (6 periods)
   

Studies of stresses and strains in three-dimensional elastic problems. Failure theories and yield criteria. Bending of curved beams. Torsion of bars with noncircular cross sections. Beams on elastic foundation. Energy methods. Selected topics. Students may not receive credit for both ME 472 and ME 550.

1. 
   Explain the concept of elasticity, and the difference between stress and strain [a4]
   
2. 
   Explain the terms: isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic, as applied to materials [a4]
   
3. 
   Explain the terms: plane stress and plane strain [a4]
   
4. 
   Conduct the transformation of plane stress or plane strain components using Mohr’s circle, the method of eigenvalues and eigenvectors, the method of quadratic form of ellipsoids, and the method of stress or strain trajectories [a4, e]
   
5. 
   Use the concepts of principal stress and principal strains [e]
   
6. 
   Use the basic tensor notations, the stress, strain and inertia tensors, and their reduction to principal axes [a4, e]
   
7. 
   Apply the analytical procedures involved in strain gauge measurements, in particular the transformation equations [e]
   
8. 
   Solve basic problems in two-dimensional elasticity using Airy’s stress function [e]
   
9. 
   Evaluate solutions of simple engineering problems using mechanics of material theories [e]
   
10. 
    Use basic stability and yield criteria for elasto-plastic materials [e]
    
11. 
    Apply basic concepts of elastic stability and buckling of elastic structures [e]
    
12. 
    Using finite difference approximations to solve elasticity problems governed by partial differential equations [e]
    

1. 
   Three-dimensional stress analysis (2 periods)
   
2. 
   Plane stress and plane strain problems (2 periods)
   
3. 
   Stress functions (2 periods)
   
4. 
   Failure criteria (2 periods)
   
5. 
   Bending of curved beams (2 periods)
   
6. 
   Shear stresses (2 periods)
   
7. 
   Shear center (2 periods)
   
8. 
   Torsion (2 periods)
   
9. 
   Thin walled members (2 periods)
   
10. 
    Statically indeterminate problems (2 periods)
    
11. 
    Elastic stability (2 periods)
    
12. 
    Beams on elastic foundation (2 periods)
    
13. 
    Fourier series (2 periods)
    
14. 
    Energy methods (2 periods)
    
15. 
    Introduction to plates (2 periods)
    

Introduction to simple vibratory motions, such as undamped and damped free and forced vibrations, vibratory systems with more than one degree of freedom, Coulomb damping, transverse vibration of beams, torsional vibration, critical speed of shafts, and applications.

1. 
   Explain the concept of modes of vibration, and the difference between single-, two- and multi-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems [a4]
   
2. 
   Formulate the equation of motion of an undamped, single degree-of-freedom vibration system using both energy methods and Newton's laws of motion [a4]
   
3. 
   Explain the difference between free and forced vibration [a1]
   
4. 
   Formulate the equations of motion of vibrating systems with viscous damping and hysteretic damping [a4]
   
5. 
   Explain the effect of damping on vibration response both in the time domain and in the frequency domain [a4]
   
6. 
   Derive the equations of motion of lumped parameter, multi-degree-of-freedom systems using matrix methods [a2, a4, k4]
   
7. 
   Apply Lagrange's equation to derive equations of motion of simple vibrating systems, with single or multi-degree of freedom [e, k4]
   
8. 
   Obtain estimates for the lowest natural frequencies of continuous systems using Rayleigh's principle [a2]
   

1. 
   Free vibration of a single degree freedom of undamped and damped systems of a mass and a spring, torsional vibration of a single degree freedom (5 periods)
   
2. 
   Single degree of freedom of forced vibration of spring mass system, forced torsional vibrations, whirling of rotating shafts (4 periods)
   
3. 
   Vibration of system with Coulomb damping (2 periods)
   
4. 
   Two degrees of freedom of free vibration without damping (2 periods)
   
5. 
   Two degrees of freedom of forced vibration without damping (2 periods)
   
6. 
   Introduction to Rayleigh principle for an approximate determination of natural frequency (2 periods)
   
7. 
   Introduction to vibration of elastic bodies such as rods, torsional members, beams, membranes (4 periods)
   
8. 
   Transient vibration (3 periods)
   
9. 
   Energy technique, an introduction to Langrange's equations (3 periods)
   
10. 
    Experimental Model Analysis (2 periods)
    

The student selects an engineering design project and works under the direction of the faculty sponsor. Suitable projects may be from the local industrial, municipal, state, and educational communities. May be repeated for up to 4 credit hours. (1-2 cr.)

1. 
   Carry out a design project independently [c1 or c2]
   
2. 
   Perform analysis of an engineering problem or design [c1 or c2]
   
3. 
   Write a technical report [g]
   

Introduction to robotics and automated manufacturing; components and sub systems of robot manipulator; kinematics; dynamics; robot programming languages; task planning; overview of robot control; sensors and mobile robots.

1. 
   A knowledge of current state of robotics and its applications and impact in our societies [i].
   
2. 
   An understanding of spatial coordinate transformation and an ability to define the coordinates and the corresponding kinematic parameters for robotic manipulators.
   
3. 
   An ability to solve forward and inverse kinematic equations [a, e]
   
4. 
   An ability to analyze robotic motion using the concepts of Jacobian matrix [a, e]
   
5. 
   An understanding of robot dynamic modeling and an ability to derive dynamic model using Lagrange's equations of motion.
   
6. 
   An ability to design robot motion trajectories to meet the design specifications and requirements. [a ,c, e, k]
   
7. 
   An ability to analyze and design simple robot control systems using classical control design methods.
   
8. 
   An ability to evaluate and test the system performance using computer-aided tools [a, c, e, k]
   
9. 
   An ability to program industrial robots to perform pre-specified tasks.
   

1. 
   Overview of robotics and automated manufacturing (1 period)
   
2. 
   Components and subsystems; implications for robot design (2 periods)
   
3. 
   Kinematics: 3D transformations; forward and inverse position solutions; singularities; manipulator Jacobian; programming (4 periods)
   
4. 
   Dynamics: Newton Euler formulation; Lagrangian formulation; recursive formulations (6 periods)
   
5. 
   Robot programming languages (2 periods)
   
6. 
   Task planning; path planning; trajectory planning (4 periods)
   
7. 
   Robot control: position control, force control (6 periods)
   
8. 
   Sensors: Vision; tactile; sensor fusion (4 periods)
   
9. 
   Miscellaneous topics: Mobile robots; future direction; etc. (1 period)
   

Nanotechnology describes a new emerging field of molecular manufacturing; namely the ability to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular level, and the ability to build complex structures and machines with atom-by-atom control. Such capability will have direct impact on material processing, drug and gene delivery, nanomachine manufacturing, and purification of water and air. ME students will be familiar with the concepts of nanotechonology and be prepared to pursue careers in related areas.

1. 
   The basics of molecular dynamics
   
2. 
   The analysis of components and systems at the nano-scale
   
3. 
   Implementation strategies
   

1. 
   Understand the basic concepts of nanotechnology [a4].
   
2. 
   Understand the fundamental differences between nanotechnology and traditional technology [a4].
   
3. 
   Understand the basic scaling laws [a4].
   
4. 
   Grasp the essence of quantum mechanics and understand implications of eigenvalue solutions of the Schrodingers equation [a4].
   
5. 
   Apply molecular dynamics computer simulation to simulate nano-systems [a4].
   
6. 
   Understand the thermal and quantum uncertainties and their implication in molecular manufacturing [a4]
   
7. 
   Appreciate the requirements of nano components and systems design [a4].
   
8. 
   Be aware of the current research topics in nanotechnology [a4].
   

I. Basic Laws for Nano-scale Analysis (10 periods)

1. 
   Introduction to Molecular Manufacturing
   
2. 
   Classical Scaling Laws
   
3. 
   Quantum Theory and Approximations *
   
4. 
   Molecular Mechanics *
   
5. 
   Intermolecular Forces *
   
6. 
   Molecular Dynamics *
   
7. 
   Computer Simulations of Molecular Dynamics I
   
8. 
   Computer Simulations of Molecular Dynamics II *
   
9. 
   Molecular Modeling I *
   
10. 
    The Simple Huckel Method and Applications
    
11. 
    The Extended Huckel Method (Tight Binding Method)
    
12. 
    Tight Binding Molecular Dynamics
    
13. 
    Positional Uncertainty and Thermal Excitation
    
14. 
    Bending and Displacement
    
15. 
    Transitions and Errors
    
16. 
    Damages
    
17. 
    Energy Dissipation
    
18. 
    Mechanosynthesis
    
19. 
    Reactive Species and Mechano-chemical Synthesis
    

1. 
   Nanoscale Structural Components
   
2. 
   Moving Parts at Nanoscale I
   
3. 
   Moving Parts at Nanoscale II
   
4. 
   Intermediate Subsystems
   
5. 
   Nanoscale Computational Systems
   
6. 
   Molecular Processing and Assembly
   
7. 
   Molecular Manufacturing Systems
   

1. 
   Guest Presentation: Nanomachinery
   
2. 
   Guest Presentation: DNA and Nanotechnology
   

Design, optimization, and control of electromechanical and mechatronic systems. Comprehensive dynamic analysis, modeling, and simulation of electric machines, power electronics, and sensors. Application of advanced software and hardware in mechatronic systems design and optimization.

1. 
   Use transistors to switch loads [a, b, e]
   
2. 
   Analyze and implement operational amplifier circuits [a, b, e]
   
3. 
   Understand the basics of amplitude and phase linearity, bandwidth, step and frequency response of 0, 1st and 2nd order systems [a, e]
   
4. 
   Analyze and implement basic digital combinational logic networks [a, b, e]
   
5. 
   Program microcontroller and interface with input switches, output LEDs and loads [a, b, e, k]
   
6. 
   Understand relationship between sampling rate and signal bandwidth [a, e]
   
7. 
   Use electromechanical sensors including hands-on experience with roughly half of the following: proximity switches, potentiometers, linear variable differential transformers, optical encoders, strain gages, load cells, thermocouples and accelerometers [a, b, c, d, e, k]
   
8. 
   Control electromechanical machinery including hands-on experience with roughly half of the following six categories: AC, DC and stepper motors, solenoids, hydraulic and pneumatic actuators [a, b, c, d, e, k]
   

1. Electric circuits and components (3 periods)

2. Semiconductor electronics (3 periods)

3. Analog signal processing using operational amplifiers (2 periods)

5. Combinational logic circuits (3 periods)

6. Microcontroller programming (4 periods)

7. Sensors (4 periods)

8. Actuators (4 periods)

9. General properties of 0th, 1st and 2nd order systems (4 periods)

10. Signal sampling (2 periods)

11. Midterm exam (1 period)

12. Final exam.