Author Index includes the authors of articles and reviews appearing in the Journal. Authors and titles of publications referred to in those articles are included in the Subject Index
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5, 1991, 43 Laughlin, Maria P. 8, 1994, 69n27 Leach, Joan 6, 1992, 75n4; 10, 1996, 63n6 Lear, Edward Pen and Pencil… 5, 1991, 33 Leavy, Barbara Fass 16, 2002, 109n13, 110n22, n37, n47 Leech, John 1, 1987, 52 Leeds University see Brotherton Library Lehmbeck, Bettina 6, 1992, 57n16 Leicester, Earl of see Coke, Thomas William, Earl of Leicester (Coke of Holkham) Leighton, Angela
leisure time see holidays/leisure time Lenard, Mary
Lerner, Laurence The Frontiers of Literature 12, 1998, 37, 43, 44 Lesser, Margaret Clarkey. A Portrait…of Mary Clarke Mohl 7, 1993, 33n8; 13, 1999, 47 Letcher, Valerie 5, 1991, 74 Levin, Amy K.
Levine, George 5, 1991, 50n9 Carlyle: ‘Characteristics’ edited by 5, 1991, 49n6
Levinson, Barry Rain Man (film) 17, 2003, 58n6 Lew, Joseph 10, 1996, 83 Lewald, Fanny in England 4, 1990, 52, 53; 7, 1993, 44 England und Schottland 4 1990, 52 Elizabeth Gaskell and 4, 1990, 52-6; 7, 1993, 44-5 Italian Sketch Book 4, 1990, 52 The Italians at Home 4, 1990, 52 Die Kammerjungfer 7, 1993, 45 on Mary Barton 4, 1990, 53-4, 55; 7, 1993, 44 Lewes, George Henry 4, 1990, 68; 14, 2000, 66, 67
Lewis, Suzanne ‘The Sexton’s Hero’ edited by 11, 1997, 83n2 ‘Libbie Marsh’s Three Eras’ (short story) 2, 1988, 14; 3, 1989, 58-9 Manchester depicted in 3, 1989, 57-8 original title 10, 1996, 30 publication in Howitt’s Journal 10, 1996, 30 Liberalism 10, 1996, 51, 52n10; 16, 2002, 60, 61 libraries circulating 8, 1994, 78 see also Manchester, Portico Library library collections 6, 1992, 67-72 Brotherton Library, Leeds 4, 1990, 1-27 Christ Church College, Canterbury 3, 1989, 42-5 Knutsford Library 4, 1990, 62 Manchester Central Library 2, 1988, 59-75; 4, 1990, 63n10 National Library of Scotland 1, 1987, 2, 9n6
American publication 17, 2003, 82 censorship of, by Elizabeth Gaskell 11, 1997, 6-11 critical assessments of 1, 1987, 45; 16, 2002, 59 Angus Easson’s edition 11, 1997, 13n2 epigraph to 11, 1997, 12 humour in 4, 1990, 82 impact/influence of 3, 1989, 30; 5, 1991, 1; 11, 1997, 11-13; 12, 1998, 43 legal action threatened over 11, 1997, 2 Harriet Martineau and 16, 2002, 71-3 publication 1, 1987, 34; 11, 1997, 2 reasons for writing 11, 1997, 1-2, 18; 14, 2000, 3 research for 5, 1991, 31 reviews of 1, 1987, 35 revision of 11, 1997, 2, 7; 16, 2002, 75nn18-19 Alan Shelston’s edition 4, 1999, 78n10, 91n4; his ‘Introduction’ 17, 2003, 75n47 sources of 11, 1997, 4-6, 7, 8-10 writing of 11, 1997, 5-8; 16, 2002, 64, 71-3 Yorkshire, West Riding depicted in 5, 1991, 1; 11, 1997, 4, 6, 11; 16, 2002, 44 ‘Life in Manchester’ see ‘Libbie Marsh’s Three Eras’ Liggins, Revd Joseph 16, 2002, 74 Liljegren, S. B. 17, 2003, 105 Lindsey, Theophilus 6, 1992, 35; 15, 2001, 3-4 Lis, Catharina 7, 1993, 55 literacy see education literary journals/reviews 8, 1994, 80; 10, 1996, 29-30, 84; 14, 2000, 19; 16, 2002, 30 women writers in 14, 2000, 59-72 see also individual titles; journalists/journalism; periodical publications; newspapers; publishing/printing literary style see narrative structure literature function of 2, 1988, 3, 9-11 Littell’s Living Age (journal) 17, 2003, 79, 84 Liverpool 15, 2001, 56, 57, 58 Liverpool and Manchester Railway 16, 2002, 1-2, 4 ‘Lizzie Leigh’ (short story) 3, 1989, 57 American publication 17, 2003, 78 characters/themes 8, 1994, 15-27; 9, 1995, 32-3, 40; 16, 2002, 8, 109n3; 17, 2003, 50-51 critical assessments of 16, 2002, 56 the fallen woman in 8, 1994, 15, 16, 18, 19-20, 22-3;
French translation 7, 1993, 29 as a precursor for Ruth 14, 1990, 7 publication in Household Words 8, 1994, 15; 14, 2000, 45, 46, 47; 17, 2003, 78 Alan Shelstone’s edition 8, 1994, 18 themes see characters/themes above Lockhart, John Gibson 8, 1994, 55, 57, 71, 79
sketch of, by Daniel Maclise 8, 1994, 65, 66, 69n23 Lodge, David
Logan, Deborah Anna 16, 2002, 74 Fallenness in Victorian Women’s Writing … 17, 2003, 74n30, 75n37 Lohrli, Anne Household Words… 14, 2000, 80; 16, 2002, 75n5 ‘Lois the Witch’ (short story) 2, 1988, 36; 3, 1989, 29, 39; 17, 2003, 81, 82 characters/themes 5, 1991, 5; 12, 1998, 46, 47-8, 49;
publication 5, 1991, 6 sources for 5, 1991, 31; 14, 2000, 19-20, 23n17; 15, 2001, 54 London
depicted in Sylvia’s Lovers 5, 1991, 52-3 depicted in Wives and Daughters 5, 1991, 51-2 Dickens’s depiction of 3, 1989, 59 Elizabeth Gaskell’s attitude to 4, 1990, 49-50 William Gaskell in 1, 1987, 31 as publishing centre of Britain 8, 1994, 79, 85 London District Unitarian Society 17, 2003, 61
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 1, 1987, 32 Evangeline 7, 1993, 42 Longfellow, Mrs Henry Wadsworth 1, 1987, 37 Losh, James 5, 1991, 72n13; 9, 1995, 68, 69n8 Lotman, Ju. M. 1, 1987, 46n2 Loudon, Irvine 12, 1998, 29, 31, 35n9 love
as a literary theme 17, 2003, 50-51, 56-7, 58n8 Lowe, Lisa Immigrant Acts … 17, 2003, 11n18 Lowell, James Russell 1, 1987, 32, 34, 35, 37; 9, 1995, 2, 8 Lowell, Robert ‘For the Union Dead’ (poem) 9, 1995, 10 Lucas, Catherine see Cunningham, Phyllis and Lucas Catherine Lucas, John 2, 1988, 11n9, 88, 89, 90-91
Ludlow, John Malcolm 10, 1996, 45; 16, 2002, 85 Elizabeth Gaskell, correspondence with 7, 1993, 15n8 Lukács, Georg 11, 1997, 22 Lumb, Hannah (E. G.’s aunt) 4, 1990, 2; 5, 1991, 64; 7, 1993, 74; 15, 2001, 1; 16, 2002, 89, 107 Lund, Michael see Hughes, Linda K. and Lund, Michael McCandless, Amy T. The Past in the Present… 16, 2002, 62n17 McCulloch, J. R. 8, 1994, 51 McEwan, Cheryl 16, 2002, 83n1
McFarlane, Brian Novel to Film… 14, 2000, 86, 90 MacGill, Stevenson 7, 1993, 59 McHugh, Paul
McKendry, Virginia 17, 2003, 49n4 McLachlan, H.
MacLean, Ruari The Reminiscences of Edmund Evans 2, 1988, 57n10 Maclise, Daniel John Gibson Lockhart, sketch of 8, 1994, 65, 66, 69n23
Macpherson, James Poems of Ossian 8, 1994, 64 MacPike, Loralee 9, 1995, 39 Macready, William 5, 1991, 17-18 Madge, Thomas (Travers Madge’s father) 16, 2002, 66 Madge, Travers 16, 2002, 66 Madison, Charles A. Book Publishing in America 17, 2003, 81, 83-4, 85, 90n2, 90n7 ‘Maga’ see Blackwood’s Magazine Mahood, Linda
‘The Maiden Martyr’ see ‘Lois the Witch’ Maidment, Brian 13, 1999, 101n18
Maidment, William R. 3, 1989, 27n8 Maitland, James, 8th Earl of Lauderdale 8, 1994, 49 Malcolm-Hayes, Marian V. Notes on the Gaskell collection… 2, 1988, 60 Malibran, Maria 13, 1999, 91, 101n31 Malthus, Rev’d Thomas
Manchester 1, 1987, 33; 3, 1989, 46-67, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55 American Civil War, effect of 4, 1990, 60; 5, 1991, 52; 15, 2001, 56 anti-Catholic feelings in 17, 2003, 61 Carlyle on 3, 1989, 56 depicted in Mary Barton, 1, 1987, 10; 3, 1989, 2, 5, 6-26, 46, 48, 54, 56, 57, 59-66; 7, 1993, 59; 15, 2001, 22n34; 17, 2003, 2, 4, 5 depicted in North and South 3, 1989, 50, 57 depicted in Elizabeth Stone: William Langshawe… 3, 1989, 6-26 Alexis de Tocqueville on 3, 1989, 52, 54, 56 Frederick Engels on 3, 1989, 50, 59 Elizabeth Gaskell on 15, 2001, 55-6 in Elizabeth Gaskell’s novels 3, 1989, 46, 48, 50, 57-8; 13, 1999, 95-7 the Gaskells in 3, 1989, 8, 17, 31, 46 Liverpool and Manchester railway 16, 2002, 1-2, 4 Charles Norton’s visit to 1, 1987, 35 social conditions 2, 1988, 13 songs and ballads from 10, 1996, 27-41 working classes 2, 1988, 13 Manchester Academy 15, 2001, 7 Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition, 1857 1, 1987, 35;
Manchester Central Library Gaskell collection 2, 1988, 59-75; 4, 1990, 63n10
Manchester, Cross Street Chapel 1, 1987, 6; 3, 1989, 46; 4, 1990, 47; 6, 1992, 27, 67; 15, 2001, 3, 6, 56 The Manchester Courier 17, 2003, 61 Manchester dialect 2, 1988, 4 see also Lancashire dialect Manchester Guardian 3, 1989, 18; 13, 1999, 87, 88, 100n10, n12, 101n20 Elizabeth Gaskell’s obituary 14, 2000, 32-3 Mary Barton reviewed in 13, 1999, 95-7 Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 4, 1990, 47; 13, 1999, 88; 15, 2001, 7 ‘A Manchester Marriage’ (short story) 3, 1989, 41n13; 7, 1993, 30-31; 9, 1995, 45 characters/themes 14, 2000, 21 Manchester Music Festival 13, 1999, 91-2, 94-5 Manchester New College (Unitarian) 16, 2002, 66 Manchester, Owen’s College 17, 2003, 30 Manchester, Portico Library 4, 1990, 61-2; 5, 1991, 27-36; 13, 1999, 76; 14, 2000, 15; 16, 2002, 46n30 Elizabeth Gaskell’s use of 14, 2000, 14-23; 15, 2001, 39 William Gaskell as Chairman 4, 1990, 61; 5, 1991, 27, 28 mankind 1, 1987, 15 environmental conditions, effect of 16, 2002, 30-47 eternal punishment 6, 1992, 26, 28-9, 32-4, 59-60 the fall 5, 1991, 37-49 ‘natural history of man’ debate 16, 2002, 31-47 tree of life concept 16, 2002, 21, 28n20
Mann, James A. The Cotton trade of Great Britain 17, 2003, 10n8 manners see social manners Manning, Cardinal 9, 1995, 70, 71 Manning, Anne Deborah’s Diary 14, 2000, 18 Mary Powell 14, 2000, 18 Manzoni, Alessandro I Promessi Sposi (The Betrothed) 4, 1990, 57, 58, 62n2; 10, 1996, 6, 7; 13, 1999, 42 maps and globes 16, 2002, 76-7, 78, 81
Marcet, Jane 1, 1987, 6 Conversations on Political Economy… 10, 1996, 20-21
Marcus, Steven Engels, Manchester, and the Working Class 17, 2003, 10n1, 10n7 ‘Martha Preston’ (short story) 15, 2001, 62n4 marriage attitudes to 9, 1995, 29; 13, 1999, 78-80, 81 depicted in Cranford 1, 1987, 21-2 divorce 9, 1995, 48; 14, 2000, 21 intermarriage between classes 17, 2003, 15, 16 pre-marital sex 13, 1999, 78-80, 81 Marroni, Professor Francesco 1, 1987, 44;
2003, 109 Brughiere 17, 2003, 109 Disharmonie Vittoriane 17, 2003, 109 Il Silenzio dell’Escorial 17, 2003, 109 Silverdale 17, 2003, 109 Marsh, Jean The Illuminated Language of Flowers 7, 1993, 14n2 Marston, Edward After work … 17, 2003, 90n9 ‘Martha Preston’ (short story) 17, 2003, 92, 93-5, 102 see also ‘Half a Life Time Ago’ Martin, John 6, 1992, 33 Martineau, Elizabeth (née Rankin) (James Martineau’s mother) 16, 2002, 65 Martineau, Elizabeth (James Martineau’s sister) see Greenhow, Elizabeth Martineau, Harriet (James Martineau’s sister) 1, 1987, 6; 5, 1991, 17, 18, 22; 6, 1992, 53; 10, 1996, 21, 27; 14, 2000, 61
Charlotte Brontë and 16, 2002, 64, 71-4 on Charlotte Brontë: Villette 16, 2002, 72, 73 on Carlyle 6, 1992, 44 her deafness 16, 2002, 65
education 11, 1997, 58; 15, 2001, 9; 16, 2002, 64, 65 Elizabeth Gaskell, correspondence with 6, 1992, 15, 44; 16, 2002, 64, 67 Elizabeth Gaskell and 16, 2002, 64-75 Elizabeth Gaskell: Life of Charlotte Brontë and 16, 2002, 71-4 William Gaskell and 16, 2002, 72 History of the Thirty Years’ Peace 6, 1992, 44; 16, 2002, 70, 72 The Hour and the Man 16, 2002, 67 Household Education 11, 1997, 58-9; 16, 2002, 93, 95 Illustrations of Political Economy 16, 2002, 68, 69 Letters on the Laws of Man’s Nature… 16, 2002, 72 life 16, 2002, 64-5, 72, 74 A Manchester Strike 16, 2002, 68, 70 on political economy 16, 2002, 68-9 publications 16, 2002, 65, 67-71
on social conflict 16, 2002, 68-71 The Turn Out 16, 2002, 68, 70, 71 Fanny Wedgwood, correspondence with 16, 2002, 68, 71 Catherine Winkworth and 16, 2002, 73, 74 ‘A Year at Ambleside’ 17, 2003, 93 Martineau, James 6, 1992, 27, 28, 40n8, 47-8, 49-50, 54, 56n14; 14, 2000, 2-3; 16, 2002, 64 Jane Carlyle on 6, 1992, 48, 49-53, 56n14 on Thomas Carlyle 6, 1992, 49-50
Elizabeth Gaskell on 16, 2002, 66 William Gaskell and 6, 1992, 47, 49; 16, 2002, 66 as a Unitarian 12, 1998, 15; 15, 2001, 4, 10 Martineau, Maria Elizabeth Gaskell, correspondence with 15, 2001, 40 Martineau, Rachel (James Martineau’s sister) 11, 1997, 58-9; 16, 2002, 65, 67 Martineau family 16, 2002, 64-7 Marx, Karl
Marxist criticism 2, 1988, 81, 82, 89-90 Mary Barton 3, 1989, 6-26, 31 America depicted in 16, 2002, 79-80 American publication 17, 2003, 78, 83, 84
the Bible in 2, 1998, 14, 15, 16-17, 21, 29; 6, 1992, 32, 35-6; 8, 1994, 11; 13, 1999, 90 Thomas Carlyle and 2, 1988, 1-12, 31; 6, 1992, 42 chapter headings 1, 1987, 44 characters/themes 1, 1987, 10, 14, 25n12, 42, 59, 60, 65; 2, 1988, 1-11, 16-18, 20, 22, 27, 30, 87; 3, 1989, 1-5, 9-26, 58-62; 4, 1990, 70-72, 82; 6, 1992, 2-3, 31-6; 7, 1993, 11-12, 50-66; 8, 1994, 98-9; 9, 1995, 30-31, 40; 10, 1996, 84-8, 91n12; 11, 1997, 43-54; 12, 1998, 37-45; 14, 2000, 2, 102-3; 15, 2001, 14-29; 15, 2001, 53; 16, 2002, 1-4, 8, 13, 27, 36, 37, 38-41, 71, 76, 77-80; 17, 2003, 1-11, 53, 79 as a Chartist novel 2, 1988, 1-11 chronology of 15, 2001, 20n4, 24-8 ‘condition of England’ debate depicted in 16, 2002, 36, 37 copyright 9, 1995, 71 critical assessments of 1, 1987, 43, 45; 2, 1988, 2-3; 3, 1989, 2; 4, 1990, 53-4, 55; 7, 1993, 44; 12, 1998, 39-40; 13, 1999, 14n4; 14, 2000, 45; 15, 2002, 14; 16, 2002, 59; 17, 2003, 78 Dante: Divine Comedy, influence of 10, 1996, 4 death depicted in 14, 2000, 2 dialect words used in 8, 1994, 92-6 Charles Dickens on 14, 2000, 45 domestic surroundings depicted in 4, 1990, 71-2 Angus Easson’s edition 13, 1999, 100n9 emotions depicted in 4, 1990, 70-72; 14, 2000, 2 epigraphs to 7, 1993, 38-9 Henry Evison’s illustrations 15, 2001, cover flowers depicted in 7, 1993, 6-7, 10 the fallen woman in 9, 1995, 27, 30-31, 40 family values in 3, 1989, 1-5; 9, 1995, 30-31 Elizabeth Gaskell on 1, 1987, 23, 25n14; 8, 1994, 11; 12, 1998, 37; 16, 2002, 36 Elizabeth Gaskell’s notes to 1, 1987, 25n14 as a genre novel 11, 1997, 43-54 geographical context 16, 2002, 76, 77-8, 81-2 German translation 4, 1990, 56n2; 7, 1993, 38 Stephen Gill’s edition 1, 1987, 25n14; 2, 1988, 11n2; 4, 1990, 90n2; 7, 1993, 48n4; 11, 1997, 47; 13, 1999, 100n9
humour in 4, 1990, 82 impact/influence of 2, 1988, 2-3, 81-2; 7, 1993, 44; 13, 1999, 95 imperial expansion depicted in 17, 2003, 1-11 as an industrial novel 2, 1988, 1-11; 3, 1989, 34; 8, 1994, 98-9, 107-8; 15, 2001, 14-29 industrial revolution depicted in 8, 1994, 98-9, 107-8 Italian translations 1, 1987, 42, 44 Fanny Lewald on 4, 1990, 53-4, 55; 7, 1993, 44 Manchester depicted in 1, 1987, 10; 3, 1989, 2, 5, 6-26, 46, 48, 54, 56, 57, 59-66; 7, 1993, 59; 15, 2001, 22n34; 17, 2003, 2, 4, 5, 6-7, 8 Manchester songs and ballads in 10, 1996, 28-38 mottoes 2, 1988, 1, 4 narrative voice 7, 1993, 54; 16, 2002, 80 ‘Oldham Weaver’ quoted in 2, 1988, 5, 6-7; 10, 1996, 28, 30, 36-8; 11, 1997, 48, 50, 51; 13, 1999, 89 opium addiction depicted in 17, 2003, 6-7, 8 police force depicted in 3, 1989, 60-61 political controversy over 2, 1988, 2-3 Preface 2, 1988, 3, 13; 7, 1993, 62; 12, 1998, 37; 16, 2002, 8-9, 14, 39, 46n28, 69 prostitution depicted in 7, 1993, 55-6; 16, 2002, 109n2 publication 1, 1987, 30; 3, 1989, 6; 8, 1994, 2; 10, 1996, 30; as anonymous 3, 1989, 6 real people referred to in 13, 1999, 85-103 as realistic 12, 1998, 37-45 revenge ethic in 16, 2002, 37-8, 39-40 reviews of 3, 1989, 3, 5, 7, 17; 12, 1998, 39; 13, 1999, 95-7 Anne Thackeray Ritchie’s copy 9, 1995, 71 self-improvement depicted in 13, 1999, 85-103 sexual conflict in 2, 1988, 87 Mary Shelley: Frankenstein and 10, 1996, 83-91; 11, 1997, 46-7 Alan Shelston’s edition 13, 1999, 100n9 social conflict in 3, 1989, 6-16; 12, 1998, 38-9 sources for 3, 1989, 9-26; 5, 1991, 31; 6, 1992, 39; 10, 1996, 84-5; 16, 2002, 70 Elizabeth Stone: William Langshawe… and 3, 1989, 9-26; 6, 1992, 38 style/structure 15, 2001, 14-29 themes see characters/themes above title 15, 2001, 14 trade union movement depicted in 17, 2003, 5, 6, 7-8 trade union violence depicted in 16, 2002, 38, 39-40;
trial/court scene in 16, 2002, 3-4 Unitarianism depicted in 6, 1992, 31-6; 15, 2001, 11-12
vitriol-throwing incident in 12, 1998, 37, 38-9, 40-45; see also trade union violence above A. W. Ward’s edition 3, 1989, 20-21; 15, 2001, 20n1 working classes depicted in 2, 1988, 1-11, 14-23, 30; 3, 1989, 2, 25, 34, 62-4; 6, 1992, 1-2; 12, 1998, 37-45; 13, 1999, 85-103; 16, 2002, 38-9; 17, 2003, 1-2, 4, 5, 6, 7-8, 9 working women depicted in 7, 1993, 50-66; 16, 2002, 76, 77-80 Edgar Wright’s edition 4, 1990, 57, 77n2; 6, 1992, 14n2, 41n2; 10, 1996, 39n1; 12, 1998, 45; 15, 2001, 20n5; 16, 2002, 83n4 Mason, Charles 12, 1998, 43-4 Mason, Mary G. Western Concepts of China … 17, 2003, 5-6 Massingham, H. J. The English Countryman 5, 1991, 59 materialism 5, 1991, 51 depicted in Wives and Daughters 5, 1991, 51-61 Charles Norton’s attitude to 1, 1987, 38-9 ‘maternal thinking’ concept 2, 1988, 81-92; 7, 1993, 73; 11, 1997, 55-67; 16, 2002, 85-111 in Ruth 16, 2002, 85-7, 90, 91-2, 93-4, 95-108 see also child care; children; My Diary… Matthiessen, F. O. Sarah Orne Jewett 17, 2003, 91n20 Matthiessen, Lucy Orne 17, 2 Maurice, Frederick Denison 10, 1996, 44-6, 50, 78
Maxwell, Sir James 15, 2001, 39 Mayhew, Henry 16, 2002, 34
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