Association for Library Collections and Technical Services
|
|  Yüklə 143.5 Kb.
|
General CommentsThe greatest difference between the average visual resources description and a description based on AACR is probably that the source of the description is something other than the item itself which is a basic tenet of AACR. This is not to be contrary but merely that most works of art do not include the title, creator, imprint, and series information usually found in library materials. Furthermore, the tradition of art historical scholarship is to leave the determination of such information to the repository responsible for a work of art or to art historians. Many images of art works are received with some description from the vendor or other source and that may be the only information available on which to base the cataloging or metadata. MARC for bibliographic items has been expanded over its 25 years to cover all sorts of library materials. Visual resources are currently being added to library catalogs in the United States and elsewhere. OCLC's MARC-based CORC project has added a mapping for the VRA Core categories. There is no reason to suspect that MARC will not continue to be enhanced to cover more aspects of a visual resources record. Another art-specific data standard, the Getty's Categories for the description of works of art, includes a mapping to MARC. The ArtMARC sourcebook includes a chapter on MARC mapping. This chapter has tables of MARC fields used by various MARC-based projects as well as tables from VRA Core category to MARC and from MARC field to VRA Core (based on version 2.0). The VRA Core recommends various vocabularies such as AAT, LCSH or NAF for use in a compliant record. The MARC authority format can accommodate these vocabularies. The text below includes comments on the VRA Core 3.0, category by category, relative to AACR and to MARC. RECORD TYPEThis category is used to indicate if a record is for a work of art or for an image of a work. It is related to library-world discussions of work, expression, emanation, and manifestation but is simpler here. There are intermediate levels which might be covered by the category RELATION. An image could be coded in Form of Item (VM 008/29). Value s is used for electronic reproductions. A code could be added for photographic reproductions (slides). A work would be blank in 008/29. TYPEThis category is used to record the genre of an item and is outside the scope of AACR. In MARC, this could be coded in the 655 field. TITLEAACR includes much discussion of titles. Title information for works of art is not usually based on text which can be transcribed. Rather, the title is more likely based either on the artist's title or on art historical research including titles which appear in catalogs from museums or image vendors. Nonetheless, there are the predictable variations such as translated title, familiar title, or title as part of a larger work. The title is often descriptive of the subject matter, e.g. Madonna and Child, River landscape. The VRA Core does not discuss the contruction of author/title headings, uniform titles, or other headings that might combine information from two categories. For example, a generic or descriptive title might need to be combined with a CREATOR and qualified by date, repository, or other information in order to be meaningfully identified. Having a unique identification for a work expedites establishing relationships between works; this has an effect on the RELATION category. Titles may easily be recorded in 24X and 7XX fields. MEASUREMENTSMeasurements will often be recorded in more detail than in an AACR description, but will not be beyond the scope of a third-level description. This data would be coded in 300 (mostly $c) or in other 3XX fields such as 340. MATERIALThis category is related to TYPE but is the physical attributes rather than the genre. It is also somewhat out of the scope of AACR. In MARC, the distinction between genre (recorded in 655) and physical characteristics (recorded in the obsolete 755) has been eliminated. The data may overlap and cataloger distinction is difficult. Data in both categories MATERIAL and TYPE could be recorded in 655 for access. Some terms would (also) be recorded in 3XX as part of a description. The distinction between description and access is less clear for VR materials than for books. TECHNIQUEAs with MATERIAL and TYPE, this category is outside the scope of AACR. Technique could be recorded in 65X. CREATORWhile many works of art were created by known creators, millions of art works cannot be ascribed to persons or corporate entities. This category does not distinguish between principal and secondary creators, as AACR does. Some creators are known by appellations or other identifiers like "Housebook Master" or "School of Rembrandt." AACR 22.11 includes provisions for entering under phrase. A recent proposal would allow coding of identifiers ($j) related to known persons in a subfield that would allow authority control of the known person's name. For example, the "school of" data would be coded as a qualifier of the heading for Rembrandt. A heading established according to AACR could easily be carried in this category though the VRA Core 3.0 does not break the category into the subcategories that might be used to subfield such a name in MARC. For example, dates in $d or corporate subheading in $b. Core 2.0 included a separate category for ROLE. This has been absorbed in Core 3.0 as a qualifier for CREATOR and could be easily coded in a MARC 1XX or 7XX $e. DATEThis category is similar to provisions in AACR. The date is more likely to be based on research than in a transcribable place on the work. A work might have several relevant dates that have not been differentiated in the MARC bibliographical format, e.g. creation date, design date, alteration date, restoration date. |