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Appendix e: ms-dos


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MS-DOS 6.22 Command List




Append


(EXTERNAL)

Append ; [drive:]path[;][drive:]path[...] [/x:on|off][/path:on|path:off] [/e]

Allows programs to open files in specified directories as if they are in the default directory, i.e. when opening files the appended directories appear to be part of the current directory.

Assign


(external)

Assign [x[:]=y[:] [...]]

Redirects disk drive requests from one drive to a different drive.

Attrib


(external)

Attrib [drive:][path]filename [/s]


Attrib [+r|-r] [+a|-a] [+s|-s] [+h|-h] [drive:][path]filename [/s]

Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.



Backup


(external)

Backup drive:[path][filename] drive:[/s][/m][/a][/f:(size)] [/p][/d:date] [/t:time] [/l:[path]filename]

Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (in dos version 6, this program is stored on the dos supplemental disk.)

Break


(internal)

Break =on|off

Used from the dos prompt or in a batch file or in the config.sys file to set (or display) whether or not dos should check for a ctrl + break key combination.

Buffers


(internal)

Buffers=(number),(read-ahead number)

Used in config.sys to set the number of disk buffers to be used for data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.

Call


(internal)

Call [drive:][path]batchfilename [options]

Calls another batch file and then returns to current batch file to continue.

Chcp


(internal)

Chcp (codepage)

Displays the current code page or changes the code page that dos will use.

Chdir


(internal)

Chdir (cd) [drive:]path


Chdir (cd)[..]

Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.



Chkdsk


(external)

chkdsk [drive:][path][filename] [/f][/v]

Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.

Choice


(internal)

Choice [/c[:]keys] [/n][/s][/t[:]c,nn] [text]

Used to provide a prompt so that a user can make a choice while a batch program is running.

Cls (clear screen)


(internal)

Cls


Clears (erases) the screen.

Command


(external)

Command [drive:][path] [device] [/p][/e:(size)] [/msg][/y [/c (command)|/k (command)]

Starts a new version of the dos command processor (the program that loads the dos internal programs).

Comp


(external)

Comp [drive:][path][filename] [drive:][path][filename] [/a][/c][/d][/l][/n:(number)]

Compares two groups of files to find information that does not match. (see fc command).

Copy


(internal)

copy [/y|-y] [/a][/b] [drive:][path]filename [/a][/b] [drive:][path][filename] [/v]


or
copy [/y|-y][/a][/b] [drive:][path]filename+[drive:][path]filename[...][drive:][path][filename] [/v]

Copies and appends files.



Country


(internal)

Country=country code,[code page][,][drive:][filename]

Used in config.sys to inform DOS of the country to use for country specific applications.

Ctty


(internal)

Ctty (device)

Changes the standard input/output device to an auxiliary device.

Date


(internal)

Date mm-dd-yy

Displays and/or sets the system date.

Debug


(external)

Debug [pathname] [parameters]

A low level MS-DOS utility used to carry out advanced test and configuration utilities.

Defrag


(external)

Defrag [drive:] [/f][/s[:]order] [/b][/skiphigh [/lcd|/bw|/go] [/h]


Defrag [drive:] [/v][/b][/skiphigh] [/lcd]|/bw|/go] [/h]

Optimises disk performance by reorganizing the files on the disk.


Del (erase)


(internal)

Del (Erase) [drive:][path]filename [/p]

Deletes (erases) files from disk.

Deloldos


(external)

Deloldos [/b]

Deletes all files from previous versions of an older version of DOS after a new installation.

Deltree


(external)

Deltree [/y] [drive:]path [drive:]path[...]

Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it.

Device


(internal)

Device=(driver name)

Used in config.sys to load DOS device drivers.

Devicehigh


(internal)

devicehigh=(driver name)

Devicehigh is used in the config.sys file to load DOS device drivers however unlike Device, it installs the device driver into the upper memory area.


Dir


(internal)

Dir [drive:][path][filename] [/a:(attributes)] [/o:(order)] [/b][/c][/ch][/l][/s][/p][/w]

Displays directories and files stored on disk.

Diskcomp


(external)

Diskcomp [drive:] [drive:][/1][/8]

Compares the contents of two diskettes.

Diskcopy


(external)

Diskcopy [drive:] [drive:][/1][/v][/m]

Makes an track by track copy of a diskette.

Dos


(internal)

Dos=[high|low],[umb|noumb]

Used in config.sys to specify the memory location for DOS. It is used to load DOS into the upper memory area and to specify whether or not the upper memory blocks will be used.

Doskey


(external)

Doskey [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]

Starts the doskey program to enable you to repeat and or edit the last command used. It can also create command macros. (a record of a certain sequence of dos commands).

Dosshell


(external)

Dosshell [/b/t/g/]:[res][n]]

Initiates the graphic menu interface for MS-DOS using one of three screen resolution options l,m,h (low medium high).

Drivparm


(internal)

Drivparm= /drive:(number) [/c] [/f:(form factor)] [/h:(number)] [/i][ /n][/s:(number)] [/t:(tracks)]

Used in config.sys. Defines Drive Parameters for block devices.


Echo


(internal)

Echo on|off


Echo (message)

displays messages or turns on or off the display of commands in a batch file.



Edit


(external)

Edit [drive:][path]filename [/b][/g][/h][/nohi]

Starts the ms-dos editor, a text editor used to create and edit text files. e.g.It can be used to edit Config.sys and Autoexec.bat

Emm386


(external)

Emm386 [on|off|auto] [w=on|off]

Enables or disables emm386 expanded-memory support on a computer with an 80386 or higher processor.

Exe2bin


(external)

Exe2bin [drive:][path]filename [drive:][path]filename

Converts .exe (executable) files to binary format.

Exit


(internal)

Exit


Exits a secondary command processor.

Expand


(external)

Expand [drive:][path]filename [[drive:][path]filename[ . . .]]

Expands a compressed file.

Fasthelp


(external)

Fasthelp [command][command] /?

Displays a list of dos commands with a brief explanation of each.

Fastopen


(external)

Fastopen drive:[=n][/x]

Keeps track of the locations of files for fast access.

Fc


(external)

Fc [/a][/c][/l][/lb n][/n][/t][/w][number] [drive:][path]filename [drive:][path]filename


File comparison command. It displays the differences between two files or sets of files.



Fcbs


(internal)

Fcbs=(number)

Used in config.sys to specify the maximum number of file-control blocks that can be open at the same time.


Fdisk


(external)

Fdisk [/status]

Used to partition hard disk drives or safely examine (status) partition information.

Files


(internal)

Files=(number)

Used in config.sys to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time.

Find


(external)

Find [/v][/c][/n][/i] "string" [drive:][path] filename[...]

Searches for a specific string of text characters in a specified file.


For


(internal)

For %%(variable) in (set) do (command)


For %(variable) in (set) do (command)

Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.




Format


(external)

Format drive:[/1][/4][/8][/f:(size)] [/n:(sectors)] [/t:(tracks)][/b|/s][/c][/v:(label)] [/q][/u][/v]

High Level formats a disk to accept DOS files.
For example: Format a:/s/v:spare formats the floppy disk in the a drive. The switch '/s' copies the system files io.sys (hidden), msdos.sys (hidden) and command com to the disk to make it bootable. Finally the switch '/v', labels the disk volume 'spare'. It can be any name up to ten characters.


Goto


(internal)

Goto (label)

Unconditionally directs MS-DOS to a go to the specified label in a batch program.

Graftabl


(external)

Graftabl [(code page)]


Graftabl [status]

Allows a monitor to display extended ascii characters depending on the country code page.



Graphics


(external)

Graphics [printer type][profile] [/b][/r][/lcd][/pb:(id)] [/c][/f][/p(port)]

Runs a program that allows a printer to print the displayed screen contents on graphoical non text only screens.Provides a way to print contents of a graphics screen display.


Help


(external)

Help [command] [/b][/g][/h][/nohi]

Displays information about a dos command similar to this command list.

If


(internal)

If [not] errorlevel (number) (command) [parameters]


If [not] (string1)==(string2) (command) [parameters]
If [not] exist filename (command) [parameters]

Specifies that a command should only be carried out if specific conditional operations in a batch file are met.



Install


(internal)

Install=[drive: ][\path]filename [parameters]

Used in config.sys to load memory-resident programs into memory.


Join


(external)

Join drive: [drive:path]


Join drive: [/d]

Allows the OS to treat directories and files on a disk drive as the contents of another specified drive and path.



Keyb


(external)

Keyb [xx][,][yyy][,][drive:][path]filename [/e][/id:(number)]


xx = country code yyy = code page
Configures the keyboard for a language other than the USA. (Eg keyb uk)


Label


(external)

Label [drive:][volume label]

Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.


Lastdrive


(internal)

Lastdrive=(drive letter)

Used in config.sys to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed.


Loadfix


(internal)

Loadfix [drive:][path]filename [parameters]

Ensures that a program is loaded above the first 64k of conventional memory, and runs the program.


Loadhigh


(internal)

Loadhigh (lh) [drive:][path]filename [parameters]

Loads a program into the upper memory area.

Mem


(external)

Mem [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]

Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.

Memmaker


(external)

Memmaker [/b][/batch][/session][/swap:d] [/t][/undo][/w:size1,size2]

Invokes the memmaker program, to optimise your computer's memory.

Mirror

(external)

Mirror [drive:]path [drive:] path [...]
Mirror [d1:][d2:][...] [/t(drive)(files)] [/partn][/u][/1]

Saves disk information that can be used by unformat and undelete to recover accidentally erased files.



Mkdir


(md) (internal)

Mkdir (md) [drive:]path

Creates a new subdirectory.

Mode


(external)

Mode n
Mode lpt#[:][n][,][m][,][p][retry]


Mode [n],m[,t]
Mode (displaytype,linetotal)
Mode comn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
Mode lpt#[:]=comn [retry]
Mode con[rate=(number)][delay=(number)]
Mode (device) codepage prepare=(codepage) [drive:][path]filename
Mode (device) codepage prepare=(codepage list) [drive:][path]filename
Mode (device) codepage select=(codepage)
Mode (device) codepage [/status]
Mode (device) codepage refresh

Configures system devices.



More


(external)

More < (filename or command)


(name)|more

Forces a file to be displayed one screen at a time.



Move


(internal)

Move [/y|/-y] [drive:][path]filename[,[drive:][path]filename[...]] Destination

Moves one or more files to the location you specify. This command is also used to rename directories.


Msav


(external)

Msav [drive:] [/s|/c][/r][/a][/l][/n][/p][/f][/video][/mouse]


Msav /video

Scans system for known viruses.



Msbackup


(external)

Msbackup [setupfile] [/bw|/lcd|/mda]

Used to backup or restore files from one disk to another.

Mscdex


(external)

Mscdex /drive:driver [/drive:driver2. . .] [/e][/k][/s][/v][/l:letter] [/m:number]

Used to allow MS-DOS to handle CD players.

Msd


(external)

Msd [/b][/i]


Msd [/i] [/f[drive:][path]filename [/p[drive:][path]filename [/s[drive:][path]filename

Microsoft Diagnostics – provides technical information about the system.


Nlsfunc


(external)

Nlsfunc [drive:][path]filename

National Language Support (NLS). Loads country specific information. Uses the country sys file.

Numlock


(internal)

Numlock=on|off

Used in the config.sys file to specify the state of the numlock key.

Path


(internal)

Path;
Path [drive:]path[;][drive:]path[...]

Sets or displays a search path for executable files.

Pause


(internal)

Pause [comment]

Suspends further processing of a batch file until a key is pressed.

Power


(external)

Power [adv:max|reg|min]|std|off]

Controls power management

Print


(external)

Print [/b:(buffersize)] [/drive:(device)] [/m:(maxtick)] [/q:(value] [/s:(timeslice)][/u:(busytick)] [/c][/p][/t] [drive:][path][filename] [...]

Used to print a text file.

Prompt


(internal)

Prompt [text] [options]

Allows you to customize the DOS command prompt.

Rem


(internal)

Rem [comment]

Used in batch files and in config.sys to insert comments (remarks).

Rename (ren)


(internal)

Rename (ren) [drive:][path]filename [drive:][path]filename

Allows filenames to be renamed.

Replace


(external)

Replace [drive:][path]filename [drive:][path] [/a][/p][/r][/s][/u][/w]

Places files in the destination directory with files of the same name in the destination directory.

Restore


(external)

Restore drive: [drive:][path]filename [/p][/s][/b:mm-dd-yy] [/a:mm-dd-yy][/e:hh:mm:ss] [/l:hh:mm:ss] [/m][/n][/d]

Restores files that were backed up previously using the backup command.

Rmdir (rd)


(internal)

Rmdir (rd) [drive:]path

Deletes a directory after all files and subdirectories have been removed. See Deltree.

Set


(internal)

Set (string1)=(string2)

Displays, sets or removes, MS-DOS environment variables.

Setver


(external)

Setver [drive:]:path][filename (number)][/delete][/quiet]

Used to display and modify the DOS version table. It can set the current version of dos to that which a program is designed to run on.

Share


(external)

Share [/f:space] [/l:locks]

Installs file sharing and file locking, allowing MS-DOS to validate all read and write requests from programs.

Shell


(internal)

Shell=[drive:][path]filename [parameters]

Used in config.sys to specify the name and location of the command interpreter that DOS should use. I.e. an alternative to command.com can be specified

Shift


(internal)

Shift


Changes the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.

Sort


(external)

Sort [/r][/+n] < (filename)


Sort [/r][/+n] > (filename2)

Sorts reads input data and sorts and sends the result to the screen or to a file.


Stacks


(internal)

Stacks=(number),(size)

Used in config.sys to support the dynamic use of stacks to handle hardware interrupts.

Submenu


(internal)

Submenu=blockname, [menutext]

Used in config.sys to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.

Subst


(external)

Subst drive: drive:path


Subst drive: /d

Allows a path to be treated as a virtual drive letter.



Switches


(internal)

Switches= [/k][/f][/n][/w]

Used in config.sys to force an enhanced AT keyboard to behave like a conventional keyboard.

Sys


(external)

sys [source] drive:

Copies the MS-DOS hidden system files and command.com to the disk in the drive you specify.

Time


(internal)

Time hh:mm[:ss][.cc][a|p]

Displays current time setting of the system clock and provides a way of resetting it.

Tree


(external)

Tree [drive:][path] [/a][/f]

Graphically displays the directory structure of a path.

Type


(internal)

Type [drive:][path]filename

Displays the contents of a file.

Undelete


(external)

Undelete [drive:][path][filename] [/dt|/ds|/dos]


Undelete [/list|/all|/purge[drive:]|/status|/load|/u|/s[drive:]|/tdrive:[-entries]]

Restores files deleted with the del (erase) command.



Unformat


(external)

Unformat drive: [/j][/l][/test][/partn][/p][/u]

Restors a disk erased by the format command.

Ver


(internal)

Ver


Displays the MS-DOS version number.

Verify


(internal)

Verify on|off

Verifys a that a recently copied file is saved properly to disk.

Vol


(internal)

Vol [drive:]

Displays the volume label of a disk.

Vsafe


(external)

Vsafe [/option[+|-]...] [/ne][/nx][ax|/cx] [/n][/d][/u]

Vsafe is a memory-resident program that continuously monitors your computer for viruses and warns the user if one is found.

Xcopy


(external)

Xcopy [drive:][path]filename [drive:][path][filename] [/a][/drive:(date)] [/e][/m][/p][/s][/v][/w][y\-y]


Copies files and directories except hidden files and system files.


NOTE:

If you want more information on MS-DOS try the excellent 'Easy Dos' reference site at http://www.easydos.com

1 The syntax of MS-DOS is covered in this section..

2 WIMP stands for Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointing devices.

3 These are listed in table 1, 2 and 3 of this appendix.

5 There are a lot of high quality CD-ROM based MS-DOS games and multimedia now sold at rock bottom prices because they won't run on modern Windows systems.

KemTec 2001-2003


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