Appendix e: ms-dos

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INSTALLING A CD-ROM IN AN MS-DOS SYSTEM

This section of the appendix describes the typical installation for a DOS based CD-ROM drive. This is included here because it is a slightly more involved procedure than installing a CD-ROM on a modern Windows based system as discussed in section 3.

CD-ROM drives, like hard drives, are supplied to fit either SCSI or IDE interfaces. The most popular type used on the PC nowadays is the IDE variety. As mentioned in section 1, the ATA-2 and ATA-3 IDE standard supports the ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface), which allows CD-ROM drives to connect to any PC fitted with an ATA interface.
When a CD-ROM is purchased it is often supplied with a device specific ATAPI driver that links to the DOS MSCDEX file. A few years back such a disk was always supplied as it allowed the CD-ROM to interface to the underlying DOS environment. Today the second edition of Windows 95 and also Windows 98/ME/2000 no longer needs an ATAPI driver from the manufacturer as IDE CD drives are now automatically incorporated into the system using a built in driver interface. You simply install the drive and Windows recognises it.
Unfortunately on an older DOS based machine things are not so straight forward and a manufacturer's disk is usually essential. The manufacturer's device driver can have any file name but it is often named MSCD0001. When the CD-ROM driver is installed, the installation program should check to ensure that these two files exist and that MSCDEX knows the path to MSCD0001.
Before we physically install the CD-ROM drive it is important to know how to install the IDE connector and whether to set the CD-ROM as a master or as a slave device. In section 3 you worked through a complete installation of a modern PC and the CD-ROM (DVD) installation was described in just a paragraph as it is so straight forward. Most modern Pentium style motherboards have a Primary and Secondary IDE interface built in. If you are using such a motherboard, then install the CD-ROM on the secondary interface and set the CDROM jumper to master. The primary and secondary motherboard IDE connectors are usually labelled IDE 0 and IDE 1, or IDE 1 and IDE 2.
Installing a CD-ROM on an older machine is slightly more involved. If the host motherboard only has a primary IDE connector – many 386/486 motherboards fall into this category – then you must set the CDROM to slave and connect it to the same cable as the hard disk. To do this you need a ribbon cable fitted with two IDC sockets on one end. See table 10.

Primary Cable		Secondary cable		Set up
master	slave	master	slave
CD-ROM 1				CD-ROM, no IDE hard drive
ATA hard disk drive	CD-ROM 1 (SLAVE)			A hard drive and a CD-ROM on one cable. Often adopted on 386/486 systems
CD-ROM 1 (MASTER)	CD-ROM 2 (SLAVE)			Two CD-ROM drives on one cable also possible on the secondary cable
ATA hard disk drive		CD-ROM 1 (MASTER)		Hard drive on cable 1 and a CD-ROM on cable 2 (The most common arrangement for Pentium systems)
ATA hard disk drive	ATA hard disk drive			Two hard drives on one cable
ATA hard disk drive	ATA hard disk drive	CD-ROM 1 (MASTER)		Two hard drives on one cable and a CD-ROM drive on the second cable
ATA hard disk drive		ATA hard disk drive	CD-ROM 1 (SLAVE)	A hard drive on one cable and another hard drive plus a CD-ROM drive on a second cable
ATA hard disk drive	ATA hard disk drive	ATA hard disk drive	CD-ROM 1 (SLAVE)	Two hard drives on one cable and one hard drive and a CD-ROM drive on a second cable

Table 10 Installation options available for IDE hard drives and CD-ROMs.

INSTALLING A DOS CDROM DRIVER

STEP1:

To do this: turn on the computer and monitor and wait for the system to boot to the DOS prompt. Insert the ATAPI driver disk supplied with the CD-ROM drive into the A: drive and read the installation instructions provided on the disk. For example, if the instructions are in a file named 'readme.txt' enter the following DOS commands;

To go to the floppy disk drive type, A: then press enter

To read the text file type, type readme.txt ¦ more then press enter.
The DOS ‘type’ command tells MS-DOS to print the readme.txt file on the screen. Unfortunately on a large file it scrolls through far to quickly to read. However the ‘¦ more’ extension stops scrolling as soon as the screen is full of text to allow you to read it. You can then read the next screen full by pressing any key.
If the instructions are in the form of an executable file such as readme.com, readme.exe, or readme.bat then just type the filename, then press enter.
Now proceed to install the driver as instructed in the readme file. In our installation example we simply type the following at the DOS prompt:
a: then press enter (to access the Floppy disk drive)

install then press enter. (to run the installation program)

Note: Some manufacturers name the installation program setup.exe. so you would type setup then press enter

As the installation program runs the DOS CD driver MSCDEX is searched for and placed in a statement in AUTOEXEC.BAT and the manufacturer's driver – named MSCD0001 in our example – is set up as a device in CONFIG.SYS.

After a successful installation, you are prompted to reboot the system to activate the CD-ROM drivers.

STEP 2:

Reboot the system by pressing the reset button or pressing Ctrl Alt Del If everything is fine the following events take place:

The system boots, MS-DOS loads the OEM device driver 'MSCD0001' listed in CONFIG.SYS.
MSCDEX.EXE is invoked from AUTOEXEC.BAT.
MSCDEX then performs a system call to the OEM driver to locate the start addresses of the various driver routines. If it finds them, it reports a successful installation on the boot up screen and the CD-ROM is recognised as a valid drive. This is usually the D: drive, when one hard disk partition is installed. If more than one hard disk partition or drive is present the CDROM drive will be allocated as the next available drive.

STEP 3:

TEST THE CD-ROM DRIVE

Place a CD in the drive and do a directory listing to check the installation. For example if the drive is set up as the D: drive, type :
D: then press enter. (to access the CD-ROM drive)

DIR/w then press enter. (to do a directory listing in wide format)
The CD-ROM should behave just like another drive, except you can’t write to it You could test it further by placing the CD-ROM provided on this course into the drive and run one of the DOS programs included on the disk.

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