Appendix e: ms-dos
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WINDOWS XP COMMAND SETThe Command prompt in Windows XP can be found in Start | All Programs | Accessories. In XP for more information on a specific command, type Help and a space followed by the command name. ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations. AT Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer. ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes. BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files. CALL Calls one batch program from another. CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number. CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. CLS Clears the screen. CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter. COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors. COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions. CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive. COPY Copies one or more files to another location. DATE Displays or sets the date. DEL Deletes one or more files. DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks. DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros. ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. ERASE Deletes one or more files. EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter). FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them. FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files. FINDSTR Searches for strings in files. FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows. FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program. GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode.
HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands. IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs. LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. MD Creates a directory. MKDIR Creates a directory. MODE Configures a system device. MORE Displays output one screen at a time. MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory. PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files. PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message. POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD. PRINT Prints a text file. PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt. PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it. RD Removes a directory. RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS. REN Renames a file or files. RENAME Renames a file or files. REPLACE Replaces files. RMDIR Removes a directory. SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables. SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files. SORT Sorts input. START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter. TIME Displays or sets the system time. TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session. TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. TYPE Displays the contents of a text file. VER Displays the Windows version. VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk. VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number. XCOPY Copies files and directory trees. INSTALLING MS-DOS 6.22For those of you who would like to configure an old MS-DOS PC system as an experimental computer this section takes you through a typical MS-DOS installation routine. To do this yourself you need an old AT PC and a set of MS-DOS6.22 installation disks. Before MS-DOS can be installed on the hard disk drive it must be PARTITIONED and HIGH LEVEL FORMATTED. In the older versions of MS-DOS below version 5, the partitioning and formatting operation had to be done separately using the DOS FDISK and FORMAT C:/s commands respectively. In more recent versions of MS-DOS, these chores can be done automatically. The following MS-DOS 6.22 installation procedure demonstrates how easy it is to prepare the hard disk and install the OS:
Figure 3
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F  igure 6
WAIT while the hard drive parameters are read from the CMOS setup memory and the drive is automatically partitioned for MS-DOS. After a few seconds the following screen appears.......
Figure 7 Wait until 100% of the drive is high level formatted and the system files are transferred ......
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The automatic installation creates a basic CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the root directory of the hard disk (C:\). The files are shown below. Notice how the country and keyboard definition in the config.sys and autoexec.bat respectively have been set to the UK version.
Figure 11 At this point MS-DOS 6.22 is now successfully installed on the hard disk (Drive C:). Part of DOS has been placed in three files in the root directory of drive c:, named I/O.sys, MS-DOS.sys and Command.com and the other part is stored as several individual files in a sub directory named DOS. In addition, two system configuration files known as config.sys and Autoexec.bat are also present in the root directory.
Volume Serial Number is 1D40-4A12 Directory of C:\
Figure 12 Notice that the files IO.SYS and MS-DOS.SYS previously mentioned, are not visible. You can't see them because they are automatically hidden and made into read-only files to prevent them from being accidentally erased. The three files listed above are crucial DOS files that contain part of the system boot-loader program, and part of the DOS command library, the so called internal commands. The rest of the DOS command library, known as the external commands are placed in the [DOS] directory and are visible to the user. If you would like to see the hidden system files IO.SYS and MS-DOS.SYS. Make sure you are in the root directory and simply type: attrib then press Enter. This will list all the files in the root directory including the hidden system files. |
icrosoft MS-DOS 6.22 Setup
icrosoft MS-DOS 6.22 Setup
icrosoft MS-DOS 6.22 Setup
