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Alagappa university karaikudi syllabus under cbcs


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ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY KARAIKUDI

SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS (w.e.f. 2011-12)


M.Sc., BOTANY – PROGRAMME STRUCTURE


Sem

Subject Code

Title of the Paper

Cr.

Hrs./ Week

Marks

Int.

Ext.

Total

I

1MBO1C1

Core Course I – Plant Diversity – I

(Algae, Fungi, Lichens & Bryophytes)



4

5

25

75

100

1MBO1C2

Core Course II – Plant Diversity – II

(Pteridophytes, Gymnosperm & Paleobotany)



4

5

25

75

100

1MBO1C3

Core Course III – Microbiology, Plant Pathology & Immunology

4

4

25

75

100

1MBO1C4

Core Course IV – Genetics, Plant Breeding & Biostatistics

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO1P1

Core Course V – Practical – I (Core Course I, II, III & IV)

4

6

40

60

100




Elective Course – I

5

5

25

75

100







Total

25

30

--

--

600


Elective Course – I


  1. Mushroom Cultivation and Vermiculture – 1MBO1E1

  2. Organic Agriculture – 1MBO1E2



Sem

Subject Code

Title of the Paper

Cr.

Hrs./ Week

Marks

Int.

Ext.

Total

II

1MBO2C1

Core Course VI – Taxonomy of Angiosperm & Ethanobotany

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO2C2

Core Course VII – Anatomy, Embryology and Morphogenesis

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO2C3

Core Course VIII – Molecular Biology & Evolution

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO2C4

Core Course IX – Cell Communication & Signaling

4

4

25

75

100

1MBO2P1

Core Course X – Practical – II (Core Course VI & VII)

4

6

40

60

100




Elective Course – II

5

5

25

75

100







Total

25

30

--

--

600


Elective Course – II


  1. Microbial Technology – 1MBO2E1

  2. Algal Technology – 1MBO2E2




Sem

Subject Code

Title of the Paper

Cr.

Hrs./ Week

Marks

Int.

Ext.

Total

III

1MBO3C1

Core Course XI – Ecology, Biogeography & Conservation Biology

4

4

25

75

100

1MBO3C2

Core Course XII – Plant Physiology & Biophysical Chemistry

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO3C3

Core Course XIII – Plant Biotechnology

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO3P1

Core Course XIV – Practical – III (Core Course XI, XII & XIII)

4

6

40

60

100




Elective Course – III

5

5

25

75

100




Elective Course – IV

5

5

25

75

100







Total

26

30

--

--

600



Elective Course – III


  1. Bioresource Technology – 1MBO3E1

  2. Horticulture & Landscaping – 1MBO3E2


Elective Course – IV


  1. Plant Tissue Culture – 1MBO3E3

  2. Herbal Botany – 1MBO3E4



Sem

Subject Code

Title of the Paper

Cr.

Hrs./ Week

Marks

Int.

Ext.

Total

IV

1MBO4C1

Research Methodology

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO4C2

Methods in Biology

4

5

25

75

100

1MBO4PR

Project Work

6

20

50

150

200










14

30

--

--

400

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I YEAR – I SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 1MBO1C1
CORE COURSE I – PLANT DIVERSITY – I

(ALGAE, FUNGI, LICHENS AND BRYOPHYTES)
Aim & Objectives
To study about lower plants. This paper impart the knowledge about the occurrence, distribution, structure and life history of lower plants such as algae, fungi, lichens and bryophytes
Unit I
General trends and criteria for Algal classification (Fritch 1977). Salient features of major classes: Chlorophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chloromonadineae, Euglenineae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Myxophyceae. Ultrastructure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic algal cells and their components– cell wall, protoplasm, flagella, eye spots, chloroplast, pyrenoid, nucleus, pigments and reserve foods. Economic importance of algae – Food and feed – Single cell protein – Industrial products (Agar-Agar, Carrageenan, Iodine, Vitamins) – In Medicine and Diatomaceous earth.
Unit II
Range of thallus structure, origin and evolution of sex in algae, phylogeny and interrelationships of algae. Lifecycle patterns in algae and alternation of generations, Fossil algae. Ecology of algae: Freshwater algae, marine algae, soil algae, symbiotic algae and parasitic algae. Algae as pollution indicators, algal blooms, algicides culture and cultivation of fresh water and marine algae – Knop’s solution.
Unit III
General features, occurrence and distribution. Mode of nutrition in fungi, culture, Classification of fungi (Alexopoulos 1979), general characters of major classes: Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Deuteromycotina. Thallus organization, cell structure and fruit bodies. Phylogeny and interrelationships of major groups of fungi. Economic importance of fungi, in medicine and in industries.
Unit IV
Homothallism and Heterothallism in fungi. Homokaryon and Heterokaryon, Hormonal control in sex organ development in fungi. Physiological specialization and physiological races in fungi. Reproduction, life cycle types, parasexual cycles, reduction in sexuality in fungi. Spore dispersal mechanisms and fungal genetics, Fossil fungi. LICHENS: General features, classification (Miller), Distribution, thallus organization, vegetative and sexual reproduction, lichens as indicators of pollution and economic importance.


Unit V
General features, distribution, classification (Watson, 1955) of bryophytes, General characters of major groups. Marchantiales, Jungermaniales, Anthoceratales, Sphagnales, Funariales and Polytrichales. Range of vegetative structure, Evolution of gametophytes and sporophytes. Reproduction – Vegetative and sexual, spore dispersal mechanisms in bryophytes, spore germination patterns in bryophytes. Ecological and economic importance of bryophytes. Fossil bryophytes.
References
Algae


  1. O.P.Sharma (2007). Text book of Algae. Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company Ltd, Delhi

  2. James Graham – Lee W. Wilcox - Linda E. Graham (2008). Algae (2nd edition)

  3. Vashishta, B. R. et al. (2008). Botany for Degree Students – Algae. S. Chand and Co.Ltd., New Delhi.

  4. Kumar, H. D. (1989). Introductory Phycology. East-West Press, Madras.

  5. Round, F. E. (1981). The Ecology of Algae. Cambridge University Press, London.

  6. A V S S Sambamurty (2005). A Textbook of Algae. I K International

  7. S K Singh and Seema Srivastava (2008) A Textbook of Algae. Campus Books, ISBN: 8180301445


Fungi


  1. R.M. Johri, Sneh Lata and Kavita Tyagi, (2011). A Textbook of Fungi ISBN: 9380642000

  2. Rajni Gupta, APH, (2004). A Text Book of Fungi ISBN: 8176487368

  3. C.S. Chandoliya (2009). Fungi: Biological Diversity ISBN: 8178844923 Cyber Tech Pub

  4. H.C.I. Gwynne – Vaughan and B. Barnes (2004). Fungi: Their Structure and Development Biotech Books

  5. H C Dube (2007). Fungi, Bacteria and Viruses Agrobios, ISBN: 8177543148

  6. John Webster and Roland Weber (2007). Introduction to Fungi

  7. Alexopoulus, C. J. and Mims, C. W. (1979). Introductory Mycology. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New York.

  8. Bold, H. C. et al. (1980). Morphology of Plants and Fungi. Harper and Row Publishing Inc., New York.

  9. Mehrotra, R. S and Aneja, K. R. (1990). An Introduction of Mycology. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

  10. Hale, M. E. Jr. (1983). Biology of Lichens. Edward Arnold, Maryland.


Bryophytes


  1. Parihar, N. S (1972). An Introduction to Embryophyta-I: Bryophyta. Central Book Depot, Allahabad.

  2. Watson, E. V. (1971). The Structure and Life of Bryophytes. B.I. Publns, New Delhi.

  3. Vashishta, B. R. et al. (2008). Botany for Degree Students: Bryophyta. S. Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

I YEAR – I SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 1MBO1C2
CORE COURSE II – PLANT DIVERSITY – II

(PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS AND PALEOBOTANY)
Aim
This paper impart the knowledge about the occurrence, distribution, structure and life history of Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms besides adequate information about Paleobotany
Unit I
General features and origin of Pteridophytes. Classification of Pteridophytes (Smith 1971). Range of morphology, structure, reproduction and evolution of gametophytes and sporophytes of the following orders: Rhyniales, Psilotales, Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, Isoetales, Calamitales and Equisetales.
Unit II
Range of morphology, structure, reproduction and evolution of gametophytes and sporophytes of the following orders: Ophioglossales, Marattiales, Osmnndales, Filicales and Salviniales. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes, Heterospory and origin of seed habit. Structure, development and evolution of sorus in Filicales. Phyletic slide, spore germination patterns. Economic importance of Pteridophytes.
Unit III
A general account of the characteristic features of Gymnosperms. Origin of Gymnosperms. Classification of Gymnosperms (Sporne, 1965). General structure and interrelationships of Pteridospermales, Bennetittales, Pentoxylales and Cordaitales.
Unit IV
A general account on the distribution, morphology, anatomy, reproduction and phylogeny of Cycadales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Ephedrales, Welwitchiales and Gnetales. Economic importance of Gymnosperms.
Unit V
Concepts of Paleobotany, A general account on Geological Time Scale. Techniques for Paleo botanical study. Fossil types: Compressions, incrustation, casts, molds, petrifactions, coalballs and compactions. Age determination and methods of study of fossils. Systematic and Nomenclature of fossil plants. Study of morphology and anatomy of the vegetative and reproductive structure in the following fossil forms: Rhynia, Lepidodendron, Sphenophyllum, Lyginopteris, Pentoxylon and Cordaites.Paloclimates and fossil plants. Role of fossil in oil exploration and coal excavation, Paleopalynology.

References


  1. Eames, A. J. (1936). Morphology of Vascular Plants – Lower Groups. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

  2. Rashid, A. (1986). An Introduction to Pteridophyta. Vani Educational Books, New Delhi.

  3. Sharma, O. P. (1990). Text Book of Pteridophyta. Macmillan India Ltd., India.

  4. Smith, G. M. (1971). Cryptogamic Botany. Vol. II. Bryophytes and Pteridophytes. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

  5. Sporne, K. R. (1972). The Morphology of Pteridophytes. B. I. Publications, Madras.

  6. Sundararajan, S. (2007). Introduction to Pteridophyta. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.

  7. Chamberlain, C. J. (1957). Gymnosperms Structure and Evolution. University Chicago Press, New York.

  8. Foster, A. S. and Gifford, E. M. (1965). Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants. W. H. Freeman & Co.

  9. Sporne, K. R. (1974). The Morphology of Gymnosperm. B.I. Publications, New Delhi.

  10. Nikias, K. J. (1981). Paleobotany, Paleoecology and Evolution. Praeger Publishers,USA.

  11. Seward, A. C. (1919). Fossil Plants. Vol. I, II, III and IV. Cambridge University Press, London.

  12. Shukla, A. C. and Mishra, S. P. (1982). Essentials of Paleobotany. 2nd ed. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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I YEAR – I SEMESTER

COURSE CODE: 1MBO1C3
CORE COURSE III – MICROBIOLOGY, PLANT PATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
Aim & objectives

This paper help to understand about the structure, biology and mode of nutrition of virus and bacteria. This paper also gives knowledge on pathogens causing diseases in plants and their mode of action. It also provides information on immunology.


MICROBIOLOGY

Unit I

Five kingdom system by Whittaker (1969) – Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic microbes – General features of Viruses – Classification, characteristics and ultra structure, isolation, purification, chemical nature – replication, transmission, economic importance, virions and prions, phytoplasma (including mycoplasma).



Unit II

Bergey’s system of Bacterial classification (1984-1991) – Eubacteria, Archibacteria, Cyanobacteria and Actinomycetes. General account, ultra structure, nutrition, growth, reproduction, bacterial culture technique and economic importance.


PLANT PATHOLOGY

Unit III

Plant pathology – Organisms and causal factor responsible for plant diseases – methods of studying plant diseases – Koch’s postulates – common terminologies used in plant pathology– symptomology, Etiology, Epidemic disease, Control measures – Host parasite interactions – Mycotoxins – Aflatoxins, Defense mechanisms in plant – integrated disease management.



Unit IV

Common plant diseases of India (Tobacco Mosaic, Cucumber mosaic, Little leaf disease of Brinjal, Citrus canker, Rice blight, Tikka disease of groundnut, Anthracnose of mango, Wilt of Cotton, Downy mildew of grapes, White rust of Mustard, Damping off disease of seedlings, Rust of wheat, Root knot of tomato.



IMMUNOLOGY

Unit V

Immunology – General account of immune systems and immunology – innate and acquired immunity – Antigen and antibody (types, structure, requirements and antigen antibody interactions) – Detection of antibody (immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and RIA) – Application of immunology in plant systems with special reference to immunocytochemistry.


References

Microbiology

  1. Carpenter, P. L. (1967). Microbiology. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

  2. Davis, B. D., Dulbecco, R., Eiser, H. N. and Grinsberg, H. S. (1980). Microbiology. Harper & Row, New York.

  3. Dubey, R. C. and Maheshwari, D. K. (2007). A Textbook of Microbiology. S. Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

  4. Edmond, P. (1978). Microbiology: An Environment Perspective. Macmillan & Co., New Delhi.

  5. Ketchum, P. A. (1988). Microbiology: Concepts and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

  6. Pelczar, M. J., Chan, E. C. S. and Krieg, N. R. (1993). Microbiology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

  7. Postage, J. (1975). Microbes and Man. Penguin Book, Baltimore.

  8. Power and Daginwala (1994). General Microbiology. Himalayan Publishing House, Bombay.

  9. Salle, A. J. (1974). Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

  10. Schegal, H. E. (1986). General Microbiology. Cambridge University, London.

  11. Sharma, P. D. (1992). Microbiology. Rastogi & Co., Meerut.

  12. Staley, J. T. et al.. (1991). Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. I to IV. Williams & Wilkins, London.

  13. Stanier, R. Y., Adelberg, E. A. and Ingram, J. L. (1978). General Microbiology. Mac Millan & Co., New Delhi.

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