1. 1 Introduction

SECTION I: FLORA

ARTICLE 1

1. 
   Ipomoea sphenophylla, also known as “Statia Morning Glory”;
   
2. 
   The following native plants belonging to the orchid family:
   
   1. 
      Epidendrum ciliare
      
   2. 
      Epidendrum diforme
      
   3. 
      Epidendrum kraenzlinii
      
   4. 
      Epidendrum secundum
      
   5. 
      Erythrodes hirtella
      
   6. 
      Erythrodes plantaginea
      
   7. 
      Brassavola cucullata
      
   8. 
      Polystachya concreta
      
   9. 
      Oncidium urophyllum
      
   10. 
       Prescottia stachyodes
       
   11. 
       Spiranthes elata
       
   12. 
       Spiranthes lanceolate
       
   13. 
       Jacqquiniella globosa
       
   14. 
       Tetramiera canaliculata
       
   15. 
       Liparis nervosa
       

SECTION II: FAUNA

ARTICLE 2

Iguana delicatissima, a native iguana.

ARTICLE 3

1. 
   The exterior slope of the volcano “The Quill” from a height of two hundred and fifty (250) meters, as well as the inside walls of the crater and the vegetation in the crater;
   
2. 
   The areas known as:
   
   1. 
      “Boven”
      
   2. 
      “Venus”
      
   3. 
      “Gilboa Hill”
      
   4. 
      “Signal Hill”
      
   5. 
      “Bergje”
      
3. 
   The Kapok tree in the Lower Town area, as further indicated in Appendix I to this Resolution;
   
4. 
   The cliff wall in the Lower Town area along the length of road from the harbor to the hairpin bend at King’s Well, as further indicated in Appendix II to this Resolution.
   

SECTION IV: EXEMPTIONS

ARTICLE 4

1. 
   pressure on traffic safety
   
2. 
   threat to private property through nuisance
   
3. 
   scientific research
   

An exemption request is submitted to the following for advice:

1. 
   the local police authorities, for traffic safety advice;
   
2. 
   Public Works of the Island Territory of St. Eustatius, for technical (construction) advice;
   
3. 
   one or a combination of the following organizations:
   

ARTICLE 6

ARTICLE 7

ARTICLE 8

E.C. Simmons E.R. Locadia

This Resolution is proclaimed by me on this day, March 20^th, 1997.
The Lieutenant Governor,

E.R. Locadia

Island Ordinance relating to the protection of flora and fauna on the Island Territory of St. Eustatius or the waters surrounding the island of St. Eustatius.

(Flora and Fauna Protection Ordinance).

MEMORANDUM OF EXPLANATION

The native flora and fauna on the island of St. Eustatius or in the territorial waters surrounding the island of St. Eustatius are to be protected as a natural inheritance for future generations.

Careful consideration must be taken to utilize the space available for housing, agriculture, industry and nature (conservation) in order to create a livable and controllable environment.

Orchids and turtles, partly as a result of (inter)national laws and Ordinances protecting these plants and animals

There are approximately eighteen specimens of this plants, all and only to be found on the property of Statia Terminals NV.

Its unique character and extreme rarity are reason enough to protect this plant.
The number of iguana delicatissima on St. Eustatius has declined drastically and they could face total extinction on St. Eustatius.
Orchids and (sea) turtles are protected by international treaties, summarized in the CITES treaty (Convention in Trade of Endangered Species). Fifteen sorts of orchid have been counted on St. Eustatius, these being:

• 
  Epidendrum ciliare
  
• 
  Epidendrum diforme
  
• 
  Epidendrum kraenzlinii
  
• 
  Epidendrum secundum
  
• 
  Erythrodes hirtella
  
• 
  Erythrodes plantaginea
  
• 
  Brassavola cucullata
  
• 
  Polystachya concreta
  
• 
  Oncidium urophyllum
  
• 
  Prescottia stachyodes
  
• 
  Spiranthes elata
  
• 
  Spiranthes lanceolate
  
• 
  Jacqquiniella globosa
  
• 
  Tetramicra canaliculata
  
• 
  Liparis nervosa
  

The Executive Committee gives the named plants and animals to the Department of Public and Environmental Health of Curaçao in order to place them on the CITES III treaty list.

The Lieutenant Governor

Appendix 3: Topographical map of St. Eustatius

1. Venus Bay 7. Sugar Loaf

2. The Mountains 8. Big gut

3. Gilboa Hill 9. Gallows Bay

4. Zeelandia 10. Oranjestad Bay

5. Concordia Bay 11. Jenkins Bay

6. Behind the Mountain

Appendix 4: Vegetation map of St. Eustatius

Vegetation map from Biological Inventory.

11 corresponds to somewhere between seasonal forest and dry evergreen forest and covers the entirety of the northern hills.

Appendix 5: St Eustatius Orchid Inventory Data Sheet

Appendix 6: Notes from Orchid Field Work (June 7-11^th)

• 
  Coloured lines on flowers guide insect to pollinia
  
• 
  Moths will generally not be attracted to pink flowers , therefore pink flowers are not pollinated by moths
  
• 
  To determine which is a single individuals have to follow rhizomes and determine if they are in fact attached
  
• 
  Tolumnia urophylla: yellow flowers mimic malpighiaceae flowers to attract pollinators (lead them to believe there is nectar available)
  
• 
  Pseudosphinx tetrio moth: likely pollinator for Ep. ciliare, caterpillars can be seen on frangipani trees.
  
• 
  Raymond recommends 5-6 m on each side of trail for transects
  
• 
  Age of sympodial orchids: follow pathway of rhizomes, each division is another year because a new shoot develops each year. Cannot work on monopodial orchids. eg. Orchid bush at Whitewall is likely 100-150 years old.
  
• 
  Brassavola: Number of leaves used to represent reproductive success (do not use longest leaf because most leaves seem to be the same length.)
  
• 
  Tolumnia: longest leaf used
  
• 
  Ep ciliare: longest leaf used.
  
• 
  Lack of fruit production is common due to low amount of flowering individuals. Not a sign of unhealthy, endangered population because each fruit has many seeds therefore only need a few fruit to have reproductive success.
  
• 
  For dispersion patterns should have at least 30 phorophytes (data point is the phorophyte)
  
• 
  Transect width can be variable between sites but must be consistent between sites.
  
• 
  When looking at life stage can lump seedlings and juveniles into one life stage because it is often difficult to determine difference.
  
• 
  Jacq globosa: only species that we should have found but have yet to find on the crater rim (all the others are wet season bloomers therefore have to look in February)
  
• 
  Densometer: tells us about light available, adds to description of habitat.
  
• 
  Brassavola distribution: furthest north = St Thomas, furthest south = El Salvador
  
• 
  From qualitative observation, goat herbivory or insect herbivory don’t seem to be an issue for brassavola.
  
• 
  From qualitative observation , goats may be an issue for psychilis correllii because they only seem to be growing in inaccessible places (plants that are just on cliff edge show herbivory evidence, lower down has no evidence )
  
• 
  From observations , brassavola must be at least 15 yrs or so before flowering begins
  
• 
  NB our age estimates are estimation because we count only green leaves.
  
• 
  Tagging rock: epoxy mettle tags to rock, always put on the right side.
  
• 
  Raymond and K\Jim are evolutionary biologists interested in how the morphology of flowers changes over time, and whether this changes our ideas about the evolution of orchids (ie. Natural selection vs genetic drift). They believe that genetic drift acts as a stochastic event influencing morphology as well as natural selection.
  
• 
  Send fruits (in paper bag/paper envelope) to Montreal Botanical Gardens to propagate flowers.
  
• 
  All of the species we have yet to find are likely not to be seen until the wet season (Nov-march) on the crater rim or in the crater.
  

Appendix 7: Useful scientific papers